Hoisting equipment is special machines that are subject to special requirements in terms of their technical capabilities and safety for maintenance and operational personnel. This article will discuss a unit called a pneumatic wheel crane KS-4361 A. Such attention is riveted to it for a number of reasons, because its many years of service have shown how effective it is in the process of loading, unloading, construction, installation and some other types of work.
general information
KS-4361 A is not just a crane, but, in fact, a whole series of hoisting devices created on a pneumatic wheel that can work with a weight of up to 16 tons. Cranes in this series were produced until very recently, starting in the 1970s. Moreover, over the entire production period, more than 16,000 units of this equipment were created. As practice has shown, the machine has perfectly established itself both in a temperate climate and in the northernmost and harshest regions, where the ambient temperature sometimes drops below -60 degrees Celsius.
Existing Modifications
The KS-4361A crane, the characteristics of which will be given below, is basically based on the K-161 and K-161C models produced for temperate and polar climatic zones.
KS-4361C is a model for the northern regions where the ambient temperature can reach -60 ° C. The metal structures of this machine are made of low alloy steel, and the tires and sealing elements are made of frost-resistant rubber.
KS-4361AT is a machine specially designed for operation in the tropical zone.
KS-4362 - diesel-electric crane.
Parameters
The KS-4361A crane, the technical characteristics of which are relevant to this day, is endowed with the following indicators:
- Lifting capacity on supports with a maximum reach of an arrow - 3.75 tons.
- Lifting capacity on supports with a minimum reach of an arrow - 16 tons.
- The maximum reach of the hook suspension is 10 meters.
- The minimum hook reach is 3.75 meters.
- The lifting speed of the main lift is 10 m / min.
- The speed of lowering the load is from 0 to 10 m / min.
- The rotation frequency of the rotating platform is 0.5-2.8 rpm.
- Self-propelled crane moving speed - 15 km / h.
- The maximum load on each support is 213 kN.
- The maximum axle load is 150 kN.
- The minimum turning radius on the outer wheel is 12.2 m.
- The maximum permissible elevation angle of the overcome path is 15 degrees.
- Track front and rear wheels - 2.4 m.
- The total mass of the crane is 2.37 tons.
- Car load capacity while driving - 9 tons.
- The length of the main boom of the crane is 10 meters.
- The capacity of the grab attached if necessary is 1.5 cubic meters. m
- The length of the crane is 14.5 meters.
- Width - 3.15 meters.
- Height - 3.9 meters.
A few words about the scheme of the machine
The characteristics of the crane KS-4361A will, of course, be incomplete, if you do not give a description of its device. At the heart of the unit is a welded metal frame with a pair of bridges, both of which are driven. The front axle is mounted on a balancing support, and this, in turn, allows you to increase the adhesion of the wheels to the underlying surface. The angle of the wheels is changed by hydraulic cylinders. The rear axle is equipped with a stiffer suspension. In the center of the frame is a two-speed manual gearbox. Torque is transmitted to the bridges through the driveshafts. Axial gearboxes have both bevel and spur gears.
KS-4361A side frames are equipped with outriggers with screw jacks. Installation and folding of these units is due to the use of the hydraulic system of the crane. In general, the supports can significantly increase the stability of the entire machine and its carrying capacity. At the top of the frame is a rotary platform with the main working nodes of the crane. The frame is connected to the platform using a double-row ball epaulet with a gear rim.
Each of the crane bridges has differential devices that allow the right and left wheels to rotate at different angular speeds.
Power point
The KS-4361A crane is equipped with a diesel four-cylinder engine, the power of which is 75 horsepower. The name of the motor is SMD-14A. The crankshaft of the power plant is coupled through an elastic coupling with a turbo-transformer, which, in turn, makes it possible in a certain range of operating speeds of the entire crane. Regardless of the motor, a pneumatic system compressor is mounted. The transmission of torque occurs using V-belt transmission. The compressor is cooled thanks to a special fan.
Detail
The KS-4361A crane has gear and cam couplings equipped with a hydraulic drive. Hoisting units are driven by a combined system, which includes both pneumatics and hydraulics. Winches begin their work due to pneumatic chamber couplings, the reverse drive works similarly. Stopping the rotation of the drums and rigid fixation in a predetermined position is possible due to the presence of tape brakes.
A characteristic feature of the crane is that the boom drive drums, cargo hook and grapple are mounted on the same shaft.
The electrical equipment of the lifting machine is used to provide external and internal lighting, turn on and off the sound and light alarm, activate the limit switches, start the engine, heating and ventilation.
Swivel mechanism
It should be noted that the rotary mechanism operates from the same engine as the other nodes, and the details of the entire crane. Bevel gears are fixed on the reversing shaft, in engagement with which, in turn, is the gear wheel of the reversing rotational mechanism.
On top of the vertical shaft is mounted a ball bearing that accepts radial load, and on the bottom is a persistent and spherical double-row ball bearings.
The rotation of the rotary platform of the crane occurs at the moment when the gear runs around the ring gear with internal gearing.
Safety and operator workplace
The crane operator's console is located directly in the crane cabin. The user actuates the necessary mechanisms using levers and handles. To ensure the required level of driver protection, the machine uses a boom lift limit switch, a load limiter and a boom reach indicator.
Subtleties of operation
Absolutely any KS-4361A crane, where it is not difficult for anyone to find the frame number, is a rather dangerous machine during use and transportation. Therefore, the unit must be transported by road using a towing tractor with a speed of not more than 20 km / h. In the process of towing on a crane, they must be switched on a neutral gear, on one of the bridges the cardan shaft is removed and the turning cylinders are turned off. If the transportation process KS-4361A is planned by rail, then in this case the crane should be disassembled into separate large units and parts. To do this, dismantle the pneumatic running wheels, certainly remove the boom, disassembling it into sections. Transportation itself is carried out on a four-axis platform.
Within the boundaries of the construction site and at insignificant distances (up to 50 kilometers), the crane can quite move on its own, both with an arrow in the transport position and with a fixed load. In this case, the driving speed should be no more than 3 km / h. The working boom is always located along the longitudinal axis of the machine.