In this article we will consider what are complex sentences with different types of communication, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to make it clear, let's start from afar.
What is called a complex sentence
In syntax, a sentence is a word united by a common meaning and connected with the help of the laws of grammar, having a common theme, purpose of utterance and intonation. With the help of suggestions, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but can be expanded. Accordingly, the proposals may be concise or widespread.
Each sentence has its “heart” - a grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, this is a simple sentence, if there are two or more, then it is complex.
Complicated sentences (SP) may include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations within the meaning between them, as well as their means of communication with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.
What are joint ventures
We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or unionless. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or a union word) and intonation, then the connection between them is called union, and if only by intonation, then, respectively, as a union.
In turn, union sentences are divided into composing and subordinate sentences - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or whether one depends on the other.
Spring is coming soon . This is a simple suggestion. When spring comes, the world will again sparkle with bright colors. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected intonationally and with the “ when” union. We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate part ( will the world sparkle with bright colors when ? - when will spring come ), which means that this sentence is complex. Spring will come soon, and nature will blossom . This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and a compositional union and . You cannot form a question between the parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is complex. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture has four simple parts, but all of them are united only by intonation; there are no unions at the borders of the parts. So this is a Union-Free Compound Proposal (BSP). To compose complex sentences with different types of communication, it would be necessary to combine allied and non-union communications in one sentence.
How many simple sentences can be complicated?
In order for a certain sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complicated sentences with different types of communication (see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes they include about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be hard to accept. Such proposals combine an allied and non-union connection, composing and subordinate in any combination.
He was surprised; with some strange feeling his head and chest were full; the water ran with frightening speed, breaking invisibly between the stones, and falling from the height with such force that it seemed that the mountain could not withstand this pressure, on the slopes of which mountain flowers were dotted ...
Here is a great example. Here are parts of complex offers with different types of communication. This sentence contains 5 predicative parts, between which all of the possible types of communication are represented. What are their features? Let's recall in more detail.
Allied Writing
Complex allied sentences are complex (MSS) or complex subordinates (NGN).
Composing Link (SS) connects “equitable” simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to formulate a question from one predicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no dependence between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent proposals, and the meaning of the phrase from this will not suffer and will not change.
For the connection of parts of such proposals, creative unions and, but, but, or etc. are used. The sea was turbulent, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force .
Union subordination
In case of subordinate connection (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence “subordinates” the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only supplements, concretizes in something, you can ask a question from the main part. For subordination, such unions and allied words as what, who, when, which, because, if , etc. are used.
But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that we were cheated on her hourly, that she deceived us ... (A. Pushkin). This proposal has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: " But it’s sad to think (what?), Which is in vain ... "
If you try to divide the SPP into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be clear that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but clauses become incomplete in meaning and are not full sentences.
Unionless communication
Another type of joint venture is the unionless one. A complex sentence with different types of communication most often combines a connection without alliances with one of the allied types or with both types at once.
Parts of BSP are connected only intonationally. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one character is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to choose one of four punctuation marks: a comma, semicolon, dash or colon. In this article, we will not go into details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of communication, exercises in their grammatically correct compilation and punctuation.
The horses started, the bell rang, the trolley flew (A.S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.
So, we briefly described each of the possible types of communication parts of the joint venture, and now again we return to the main topic of the article.
SP parsing algorithm with different types of communication
How to place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of communication? The most important thing is to determine how many parts are in it and where exactly their borders go. To do this, find the grammatical basis. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we select all the minor terms related to each of the basics, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of communication between the parts (look at the presence of unions or their absence, try to ask a question or try to make each part a separate proposal).
And finally, it remains only to correctly place punctuation marks, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in a letter (textbook exercises are precisely aimed at developing this skill).
How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?
Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of communication
After the predicative parts are highlighted and the types of connection are established, everything becomes very clear. Punctuation marks are placed in accordance with the rule relating to a specific type of connection.
Composing (SS) and subordinate communication (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks are very rare in this case (with a compound connection, it is possible to set a semicolon if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply opposed or one of them contains an unexpected result).
With non-union communication, as mentioned above, one of the four punctuation marks can stand, depending on what semantic relations are between the parts of the sentence.
Drawing up schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication
This stage can be performed before the punctuation marks are placed, or later to check their correctness. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a punctuation mark.
The scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of communication without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting are given right now.
[The day was beautiful, sunny, marvelously calm]; [a cozy shadow loomed on the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of the trees begins) .
In this sentence, a union-free connection is easily traced between the first and second parts, the compositional between the second and third, and the third part is the main in relation to the next two subordinate parts and connected to them by a subordinate connection. The scheme of this joint venture is as follows: [__ =, =, =]; [= __], and [=], (where = __) and (where = __). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We gave an example of a horizontal diagram.
To summarize
So, we found out what are complex sentences with different types of communication (examples of them are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic communication. A joint venture with different types of communications may include SPP, BSC, and BSP in various combinations. In order not to be mistaken in punctuation, you need to identify simple sentences within the complex and determine the types of syntax.
Be literate!