Psychology of Human Behavior

The psychology of human behavior and its study is a very complex, but interesting process. Why is it pleasant and easy to talk with one person, and hard and stressful with another? There is a desire to quickly end the conversation and leave, despite the fact that he is a good friend, who is always courteous and polite.

We intuitively understand when a person is sincere, and when he is cunning. That is why we experience conflicting feelings: on the one hand, a person has not done anything wrong, and on the other, there is an inner sensation that suggests that one should stay away from him.

The described situation of interpersonal relations is explained in psychology.

Definition of a concept

Behavioral psychology is a field of knowledge that explains non-verbal movements (facial expressions, gestures, intonations) of a person and draws conclusions about how sincere, truthful, confident and open.

Very often, we make such an assessment unconsciously when we feel uncomfortable when communicating with a friend or even avoid it. But in fact, we appreciate his behavioral manifestations, which tell us that he thinks about us, how he treats, despite the fact that his words can be benevolent or neutral.

There are a number of techniques to determine the true intentions of a person, his emotions, level of self-esteem. His movements, facial expressions and other features give out his inner fears, attitudes, complexes, which we capture subconsciously or consciously evaluate if we have certain knowledge and experience.

We perceive the process of communication as a big picture, sometimes during a conversation we don’t notice what he is wearing, what he is saying, but we pay attention to how he does it, what phrases and words he uses, how he sits and what he holds in his hands. Sometimes a little thing attracts attention and is remembered for a long time: smell, speech impairment, accent, reservations, incorrect accents, inappropriate chuckle and so on.

The scientific discipline that helps to explain and decipher the unconscious nuances in the behavior of people who give out their true intentions is the psychology of behavior.

1. What do gestures and facial expressions tell us?

A huge role in the conversation have gestures and facial expressions. But, despite the simplicity of deciphering certain poses and gestures of a person, they can carry a completely different meaning.

For example, in the psychology of lies, there are basic signs of deception: a person does not look into the eyes, touches his mouth, nose, neck. But the interlocutor can touch his nose only because it itches.

Crossed legs or arms - these gestures in the psychology of human behavior are interpreted as distrust, tightness, isolation, but the interlocutor may just be cold.

Tips for deciphering manners and gestures can often lead to a dead end or embarrass a person. For example, seeing an interlocutor's open pose, a confident and calm voice, a pleasant sincere look, we take him for an honest person, but in fact he has fraudulent intentions. Or pickupers, how much charm, wit, sincerity, good breeding they have - and this is all in order to assert itself.

2. What does speech and intonation tell us?

Speech speed, rhythm, volume, intonation strongly affect communication and are able to tell a lot about additional information about a person, according to behavior psychology. Science helps to understand the emotional state of a person:

• A calm, reasonable, balanced person speaks rhythmically, slowly, with an average degree of volume.
• The impulsive nature of the issue quick and lively speech.
• Those who are not self-confident or withdrawn speak quietly, uncertainly.

3. Often words are not as important as intonation.

But it should be understood that if a person is in an unfamiliar environment, he may behave differently than in a familiar environment.

The psychology of behavior will determine the hidden factors that affect a person in fact. But in order to see and understand them, it is necessary to be knowledgeable and attentive to people.

Deviant behavior and psychology

The phenomenon of such behavior is so complex and widespread that for its study there is a separate science - deviantology, which arose at the intersection of criminology, sociology, psychology and psychiatry.

1. The concept of "deviant" and social behavior in psychology

“Deviation” from the Latin language is “deviation”. In psychology, deviating behavior from the norms accepted in society is called deviant or asocial. That is, it is sustainable human behavior that causes real damage to people and society. It is harmful both to others and to the deviant himself.

In the psychology of deviant behavior, such forms of deviations are studied as suicide, crime, prostitution, drug addiction, vagrancy, fanaticism, alcoholism, vandalism.

Such behavior is associated with anger, violence, aggression, destruction, therefore, society has imposed conditionally or legislatively punitive measures against the violator of social norms, he is isolated, treated, corrected or punished.

2. The personality of the deviant, his psychology, characteristics of behavior

Science does not study how and where a person committed an offense; she is interested in general laws and personality characteristics.

Reasons and sources of antisocial behavior:

• Physiological: genetic predisposition to aggression; endocrine system diseases; chromosomal abnormalities.
• Public: imperfect legislation; social inequality; mass media propaganda of an antisocial lifestyle; hanging "labels"; negative ratings given by native people.
• Psychological reasons: internal conflicts between conscience and desires; special character warehouse; deviations in the psyche; dysfunctional family relationships; too conservative, strict, cruel education in childhood.

In the character of deviants such traits as conflict, negativism, dependence, anxiety, aggressiveness, hostility are often found. They often cheat and do it with pleasure, like to shift responsibility and blame on others.

A person’s deviant behavior leads to his social maladaptation, that is, he does not adapt to the conditions of society and, as a result, goes against him.

The behavior of the child cannot be asocial, since self-control in children under 5 years old is not yet developed and the process of adaptation in society has just begun.

The most dangerous period in terms of the possibility of deviation at the age of 12 to 20 years.

3. How to deal with a problem in behavior?

Most often, people with this behavior get to a psychologist already in places of deprivation of liberty, in children's colonies, in addiction treatment centers. The society is engaged in the prevention of deviations in hospitals, schools, dysfunctional families, through the media, but the problem is that there is no individual approach, and a person alone can not cope with it. But he can realize the need to change his lifestyle and turn to specialists for help.

Psychology of Dependent Behavior

Dependence is called in psychology, as a science of human behavior, attachment to someone or something. It is unacceptable from the point of view of moral or social norms, it threatens health and causes suffering to the person himself.

Dependence harms society and man, it limits its development and leads to all kinds of mental illness.

More people die because of addictions than crimes and wars combined. It manifests itself in the form of an escape from problems in an illusory-ideal world. Gradually, a person ceases to control his behavior, emotions, thoughts. All his existence is reduced to an object of dependence, which gradually completely destroys him as a person.

Recently, the spread of drug and alcohol use among young people has become a national disaster. Therefore, the attention of psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, narcologists, lawyers has been attracted to this problem.

Dependent behavior is also called addictive - it is a kind of deviant behavior, that is, this desire to get away from reality by changing your mental consciousness. Behavioral psychology considers this to be a destructive attitude towards oneself and society.

Addictive behavior is alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking, hypersexuality, gambling, computer addiction, addiction to plentiful food, shopping.

Dependence has a different degree of severity: from normal to severe.

Why do some people form this strong and irresistible attachment, which explains the impulsiveness and unsaturation of attraction? The answers to these questions are of great importance for society and for each individual.

Psychology of gestures and facial expressions

The psychology of behavior, gestures and facial expressions is the key to the secrets of a person that he wants to hide. As a result of evolution, man has learned to convey thoughts and feelings through words. But along with this skill he mastered the art of hiding his true intentions and intentions, aspirations. You need to be able to "read" your interlocutor in his body movements. Only in this way can we understand what is on his mind and what can be expected from him.

The American psychologist Meyerabian Albert believes that during communication we transmit 7% of the information volume verbally, 38% - by intonation and tone of voice, 55% - by non-verbal signals.

The main rule of psychology of gestures and facial expressions says that there is no person in the world who can fully control body movements during a conversation, even if he wants to deliberately mislead the interlocutor.

A person at a subconscious level reacts almost identically to certain situations. The involuntary facial expressions and gestures of a stranger allow you to hear and see the hidden behind the screen of words.

The most important non-verbal signals :

• Protection. In dangerous or uncomfortable situations, when there is a desire to isolate oneself from the interlocutor - people lean back, close with a book, folder or other object, cross their legs, cross their arms over their chests, and clench their fists. Their eyes are inseparable from those from whom they expect a dirty trick. This behavior gives alertness and tension, as well as a lack of readiness for a constructive dialogue.
• Openness. The body is inclined towards the interlocutor, open palms, a complacent smile - these signals indicate a predisposition to communication.
• Interest. The absence of gestures, the gleam in the eyes speak of enthusiasm, the person is full of attention, he is leaning forward and trying not to move so as not to miss a word.
• Boredom. An extinct look, rhythmic swaying of a foot, something tugging in his hands, drawing, yawning. In sign language in the psychology of communication, this means that the listener has no interest in the topic of the conversation.
• Skepticism. A person agrees with the interlocutor, but makes it clear that he does not trust him with gestures such as rubbing his neck, scratching his ear, cheek, forehead, grin, propping his chin with his palm.

Psychology of human behavior teaches us to understand the wisdom of non-verbal symbolism and the true understanding of each other.

What can nonverbal speech say about a person?

Most people underestimate the role of facial expressions and gestures in communication. But it is with the help of non-verbal signals that the first impression of a person is created. And it is remembered for a long time. Gestures help or distract listeners from the conversation, even their absence carries information about the talking person.

So, what do these or other gestures mean:

• a sluggish handshake indicates the shyness and uncertainty of a person, and vice versa a strong one - about the desire to impose one’s opinion;
• if a woman straightens her hair, it means she preens;
• if a person gestures with only one hand - this indicates his unnaturalness;
• touching your forehead, mouth, nose is regarded as a hoax;
• the cross of arms indicates the skepticism of the interlocutor and distrust of the one who speaks;
• stoop, hunched over indicate a low self-esteem of a person and uncertainty.

It is necessary to develop self-observation, it helps to collect additional information about the people with whom you have to communicate.

The main thing in psychology of human behavior is the ability to listen and see. After all, the sound of the voice and its intonation, gestures and facial expressions of the interlocutor are of great importance.

What the man’s behavior tells us

The psychology of the strong half of humanity is always associated with the implementation of certain actions: to conquer, get, win. Therefore, in their games from childhood, there is always a spirit of competition in endurance, strength of character, strength.

All their actions are aimed at the final result. Their self-esteem from childhood is based on abilities and achievements.

The words and deeds of men and women are different. Therefore, in a conversation with them, you need to pay attention to the general manner of behavior. If during the conversation he crosses his legs or arms, sits in a half-turn - that means he does not listen, he seems to be fenced off from the information. If he looks into the eyes and periodically looks at his lips, then he is passionate about the conversation.

If a man straightens his tie, often changes his posture, his eyebrows are raised high and his eyes are wide open - he is interested in the woman with whom he is talking.

If he avoids the gaze, fumbles with buttons or other small details of clothing, covers his mouth with his hand, straightens the collar of his shirt - this means that the interlocutor is trying to conceal something.

It should be remembered that all these non-verbal signals are average. The psychology of the stronger sex is much more complicated and depends on the person and his emotional fullness.

What do children tell us with their antics?

The psychology of child behavior is based on three basic principles:

• a sense of belonging to the family system;
• emotional connection with parents;
• own significance.

When the basic needs of the child are satisfied (sleep, food, water), he has a desire to satisfy the emotional. He needs to have some responsibilities assigned only to him. That is, that depends only on him. This increases his self-esteem. He must feel that he is contributing to the life of the family, know that he is considered to be with his opinion, that he also controls events.

How to help the child and satisfy his need for significance and involvement?

First of all, it is necessary to form a close emotional relationship with mom, dad and other relatives. And involve the child in discussing family problems, making decisions.

If there is a conflict with the child, talking to him may not have enough parental attention. It must be made clear to him that he is very important and necessary.

Spend time with your child at least 20 minutes a day, but it should be dedicated only to him. Children really like to fool around and play with their parents, this is how the strongest emotional connection is established. Do not teach him how to play with these or those toys, it is better to remain unassessed. He must have a sphere of life in which he alone must make decisions. Try to become a friend, not an educator.

Psychology of women

The psychology of the beautiful half of humanity is based on several circumstances:

1. Warehouse of character. Most women are sanguine. They are active, they are characterized by mood changes, are able to manage feelings, subordinate circumstances to their desires.
2. Parenting - what parents laid in a little girl determines her actions and behavior.
3. Experience - if she has been faced with negativity all her life, she ceases to trust people and becomes lonely. Her behavior is different from the standard.

The psychology of the behavior of a lady is determined by her attitude towards a man. Psychologists believe that women have a natural savvy that helps them in life. But they, first of all, direct their ingenuity to relationships with men. For example, they try to seem strong and independent, they always have some hobbies and hobbies, often planned personal time and so on.

Forms of human behavior

Based on socionics and the theory of psychic forms of Dellinger, the following forms of human behavior were identified:

1. Dominant is the behavior of leaders, realists, and practitioners.
2. Creative - characteristic of people with abstract-imaginative thinking. They rely more on intuition, possess ingenuity, premonition, fantasy, are completely divorced from reality.
3. A harmonizing form of behavior is characteristic of people who are endowed with empathy, ethics, and subtle diplomacy.
4. Normalizing is the behavior of people of logicians who are capable of analyzing facts.

Typically, people combine two types of behavior, one of which is more pronounced.

Finally

The soul and body of a person are in close and inextricable connection. It is impossible to separate external manifestations from character. Human psychology by its behavior, facial expressions and gestures makes it possible to easily determine the type of character. This is a very important and necessary skill in our difficult time.