In the 21st century, many people ask different questions, especially about languages ​​and countries. People travel, and without basic knowledge in any way. Therefore, English is used as an international language. It’s so much easier, learn one foreign language - and travel around the world without fear of being misunderstood.
How many times in Russian and how many in English?
Almost everyone knows that there are three main divisions. This is not so difficult, because all over the world, in every language there is such a division.
How many times in Russian?
- Actions in the future.
- In the present, right here and now.
- And the past, somewhere out there, before.
But each has its own characteristics, additions.
Russian language
He is one of the most difficult and difficult to learn grammar. Sometimes even Russians are surprised at his rules.
For some reason, many people doubt when they are asked how many times in Russian.
If you look from the point of view of our usual grammar, there are three of them. But if you try to break the times into groups, it will turn out pretty similar to the English language.
First of all, remember that verbs in our native, Russian language are divided into two categories:
- Perfect look - express the completion of an action or result.
Such verbs have two types of tenses, pay attention to it and remember:
- Future (learn, change).
- The past (learned, changed).
2. Imperfect appearance - demonstrate long processes or actions that are repeated, but do not show completion.
This view is much simpler, with no exceptions:
- The future (I will search, I will catch, they will think).
- Present (looking, catching, thinking).
- The past (searched, caught, thought).
Formation of verbs
In Russian, time forms are formed using suffixes and change by gender, number and person. Let's look at how many tenses of verbs in Russian.
Conjugation Features | Past | The present | Future |
| Unit | Many | | Unit | Many | Unit | Many |
Female kind | Cooked Was building | Cooked Were building | 1st person | I think | We think | Going to sleep | Going to sleep |
Male kind | Cooked Built | 2nd person | You think | You think | Will you sleep | You will sleep |
Average kind | Cooked Was building | 3rd person | Thinks | They think | Will sleep | Will sleep |
The formation of future tense
The above types of verbs create forms completely different.
The first (perfect type) are made thanks to the personal endings of the singular or plural: come up - come up, come up, come up.
The second ones (of imperfect form) are more complex, since the verb to be added to them:
to dream - I will dream, will dream, will dream.
The structure of the present
Do not forget that this form of tense is inherent only in verbs of imperfect form. It is also formed not without the help of personal endings and depends on the 1st or 2nd conjugation (believe - believe, believe, believe, believe).
1st conjugation - ut (-y), -y (-y), -em, -y, -et, -et.
2nd conjugation - at (-yat), -it, -im, -ite, -you, -y (-y).
Past tense device
Many people wonder how many past tenses in Russian? One time, but there are many exceptions.
Forms of the first and second types are quite similar in education. The word (infinitive), as it were, is “glued” to the suffix -l- and the end of the genus or number is added.
Exceptions are in some words husband. p., our suffix -l- disappears:
(carry - carried, carried, lucky, lucky).
So we answered the question, how many times in Russian. There are three of them, but this does not facilitate the study.
English
Now you need to know him at a high level. It is not complicated in terms of grammar, but there are exceptions to which we are not used to.
Times in English are also divided into three main groups:
- The past (Past) time, something that can no longer be returned.
- Future is what we dream about.
- Present is here and now.
But each of them has its own subgroups:
- The simplest action (Simple), well, nowhere is easier, really.
- Completed (Perfect), as if the result.
- Long, continuous (Continuous), namely the process.
- Long-perfect (Perfect Continuous), here everything is together: the process and the result.
Past
- Past Simple.
It simply means an action somewhere in the past.
- Positive (affirmative) sentences are built using the subject (subject) + verb in the 2nd f. or in the first plus -ed.
- Negative are formed by adding the auxiliary verb didn't.
- Questions are built with the verb did, only it is put before the subject.
Time is used to indicate some action or regular events in the past. (She got up at 7:00 am yesterday. - She got up at 7 hours yesterday.)
2. Past Continuous.
Indicates a process that lasted at a certain point in the past.
- Affirmative sentences are built with the help of was or were and - ing- helpers in verbs.
- In negation, -not is simply added and it wasn 't \ weren't obtained.
- In the question, the auxiliary verb is transferred to the first place.
3. Past Perfect.
This time is used when we think about focusing on an action that ended before a certain point in the past.
- Affirmative (positive) sentences are based on Had + ch. 3rd form.
- In the negative, the particle not is attached to the auxiliary verb, that is, to our assistant.
- Interrogative sentences are formed according to tradition: by transferring the verb-helper to the first place, he becomes the king, as it were.
4. Past Perfect Continuous.
This time is not important, and most do not use it, but if it is still left, you should learn and know the grammar.
This form of time is similar to the previous one, but here the process of the completed action is more important. For instance:
We worked for a long time and therefore were able to deliver the work on time (the first part of the proposal will be Past Perfect Continuous).
- Positive sentences are formed using the had been + verb with -ing.
- In denial - had not been + -ing.
- In matters the particle (assistant) had was put in first place, then the subject and were + ch. -ing.
Differences and similarities of languages
- In English there is always a certain word order in a sentence, in Russian we can change it.
- In our native Russian language, there is a strict division of labor, and in a foreign language it is not so important, they do not distinguish a middle gender at all.
- There are articles in English.
- The main (main) members of the sentence are also important there, in Russian this is not necessary.
How many times in Russian for foreigners? There are only three of them, just like for us Russians. Grammar does not change, everything remains the same. But more than half, approximately 70%, of foreign residents consider our native language a “brain explosion”. Therefore, learn English, it is not as scary and difficult as Russian.
Advice
You can learn a grammar of the Russian language for a foreigner yourself. It is not difficult if you use the right resources:
- Read books in Russian.
- Watch movies and TV shows with and without subtitles.