Unions in the Russian language, and in other language groups, are considered to be the service parts of speech that are necessary for the connection of components in a complex sentence, homogeneous members in a sentence, as well as individual sentences in one text.
In Russian, the class of allied words and unions includes those words that are responsible for syntactic relations in a sentence or word form. Unlike prepositions that perform a service function in unity with case nouns, this part of speech is not only in no way connected with the grammatical form of the words being connected, but is generally indifferent to their belonging to any part of speech. The same union word can combine both nouns (for example, “ I have a dad and mom ”), and verbs (“the boy sings and dances ”), adjectives (“the girl is beautiful and smart ”), adverbs and even those words that belong to different parts of speech. The only condition is the coincidence of their syntactic functions - for example: " write beautifully and without errors . "
Many unions and union words should not only establish a connection, but rather identify and specify it. This is another of their distinctive abilities that prepositions do not have. The latter with case inflection not only reveal a connection, but also form it.
Unions are not only not considered members of the proposal - they are not changed. By origin, they are divided into derivatives - for example, so that, as if, in which you can trace the method-forming connection with those significant words from which these unions were formed. Another variety is non-derivative unions that are not related by origin in today's Russian language to other parts of speech. These are unions or, yes, and.
And according to the method of use, the following forms are distinguished:
- non-repeating or solitary - however, but;
- doubles or doubles, for example, both ... and if ... then;
- repeating ones are both ... and neither ... nor.
Based on the structure, unions are divided into simple, which are written without spaces - and, for , and compound - at the same time, since .
By the nature of the syntactic relations expressed with their help, there are composing and subordinate unions.
Compound views combine peer components - such as parts of a complex sentence.
In meaning, composing union words are:
- connecting, which express the relation of enumeration - yes, and, also, and ... and, also;
- opposing, expressing the attitude of opposition - however, but, but, same;
- dividing expressing the relationship of mutual exclusion - either ... or, or, then ... then;
- explanatory, which express the relation of explanation - like that, exactly;
- connecting, expressing the relationship of accession - as well as, and yes.
Their other variety - subordinate unions - is designed to show the dependence of one component on another, linking together, mainly, the links of a complex sentence. Sometimes they are used in simple sentences for heterogeneous and homogeneous members.
For example, subordinate unions though, as if, as if, by what.
The book is long, although very interesting. This example associates homogeneous members in a sentence.
Day in winter is shorter than night. The lake is like a mirror. As you can see, subordinate unions bind any members of the proposal. They can be both homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Separate complex subjunctions are used in cases where there is the main thing and several relative clauses. These, for example, are such words: who, where, what, which, whose, where, how much, where, why, why, how much .
According to the parameter values, subordinate unions are of the following categories:
- causal - because, because, for ;
- temporary - when, only, so far, hardly;
- targeted - in order to, so that ;
- conditional - if, if, if;
- explanatory - like what to;
- concessionary - despite the fact that; though;
- comparative - as if, exactly, as if by what;
- consequences - so.