Decryption of the CNC (abbreviation) literally is a numerical control. In a broader sense, reduction is understood as a complex set of machine control with an automatic part cutting cycle. Serving such systems requires highly skilled workers.
What does the concept include?
The decryption of the CNC is now known to you. This equipment includes several parts:
- electric - these are control and automation systems;
- mechanical - these are pneumatic and hydraulic systems;
- external design is a design and usability.
Numerical control gradually replaces manual modes.
There are still enterprises in the country where the decryption of CNC is required for each employee. However, progress is moving in the hinterland. Software-controlled machines are introduced into production even for simple operations.
CNC machines are cost-effective in those industries where mass production of the same type of product takes place. These systems are chosen by customers to perform high-precision manipulations with which a person can cope with great difficulty.
The principle of operation of equipment with software control
The decryption of the CNC includes two parts:
- Numerical control. All operations are based on the calculation of machine codes. The state of the axes is monitored by means of code pulses.
- Program control includes the conversion of given commands into machine-friendly code through applications. The human-machine interface is presented in a visual form.
For one type of part, the program is compiled only once and stored on an external medium or in the built-in storage, if memory allows. When the need arises, the machine code is transferred to the RAM, and the automatic cycle starts again. CNC systems are good on any equipment with multiple coordinate axes.
There is an ideal solution for every production on sale. It is important to consider all basic equipment requirements. We list only a few of them: the load on the tool, the intensity and speed of processing, the number of axles and the possibility of upgrading the machine in the future.
Furniture manufacturing
When it comes to the production of wooden products from MDF boards, a CNC milling machine is suitable. The quality of the product has become important for the consumer, which can only be achieved by machine processing with a high number of products. The smoothness and accuracy of the resulting drawings are amazing, and machine processing at the same time makes furniture more accessible.
The simplest operations were previously created using relay logic. But voluminous images are available only to owners of CNC systems. The processing speed can be doubled due to the use of double-sided turning, when several technological operations are performed simultaneously. The leaders in the production of controllers that can cope with such tasks are electronics manufacturers:
- Fanuk
- "Siemens";
- Heindenhain:
- "Aries".
Implement the simplest machine is obtained on the basis of a conventional desktop computer. But for the movement of the axes you still need a control board. The cost of such solutions is low in comparison with the profit brought by the automation of production.
Principle of work with multi-axis systems
The CNC milling machine must receive a specific command to perform any action. Most control programs are written on the so-called G-codes. These are standard elementary movements wired into the controller's memory.
In simple terms, to control the machine, the operator selects the direction, end path, tool speed, and spindle speed. This is enough for the production of most parts. But in addition to the commands, it is required to enter the parameters of tool wear, the offset of the initial processing point, the type of cutter, the error of the screw pair.
The control sequence is strictly regulated by machine manufacturers. Each manufacturer lays its own features in the operation of the machine, which you will have to familiarize yourself with before even making the simplest cut.
Equipment sequence
The general principle of operation of numerically controlled machines is the same. Remembering all the steps is easy, and having learned only once to start the automatic cycle, you can easily manage with the rest of the machines. To understand human commands, a machine must read bit data. To translate into a view that the controller understands, standard applications for machine tools are used.
The finished model, created according to certain rules, is downloaded to the PC and translated into zeros and ones. Further, the received commands are tested on the machine without axis movement. If everything goes well, debugging with the part begins. The corrected data depends on the type of material being processed, the complexity of the contours performed, and the state of the tool.