In addition to sentence members, grammatically organized compounds may include components that do not enter into syntactic relations with other words. Such, for example, are sentences with appeals. An appeal is a word or several words that call the one to whom the speech is directed. As a rule, it is a noun in the nominative case, often it is a proper noun (singular or with dependent words).
“Have you visited, Nadezhda, the very sensational gallery in Moscow?”
“Our affairs, dear friends, are not in the best way!”
Other parts of speech that perform the functions of a noun (adjectives, participles, numerals, etc.) can also serve as a reference.
"This, dear, does not fit into any framework!"
“Hey you two! Get out of this yard as soon as possible! ”
A sentence with appeal may contain it at the beginning, middle or end. The reference is always highlighted with commas, and at the end of the sentence is placed the sign that is most suitable in meaning.
“Anna, make yourself at home!”; “You, dear ones, obviously still do not know about the consequences of your act?”; “Would you like to rest in front of the road, Gleb Borisovich?”
Proposals with circulation and subject in the nominative case
In order not to confuse the treatment with the subject and prevent punctuation errors, it must be remembered that:
- The appeal has no syntactic relationship with other members of the sentence, so you cannot pose a question from it;
- If the noun is subject, then the predicate has the form of a third person, and if the appeal - then the second;
- The appeal has a special expressive color.
Suggestions with appeals - punctuation
Despite the external simplicity in design, there are several rules that must be remembered. Note that the same word can act as different members of a sentence (depending on context). Messages are highlighted along with all dependent words.
“You, my beloved brothers, from now on can cast aside all doubts!”
Several calls in a row are separated by commas or exclamation marks.
"Anna! My dear, what are you doing here at such a late hour? ”
Between calls connected by the unions “and” or “yes”, a comma is not put.
“How are you, Daria da Marya?”
If the union “and” is repeated in case of homogeneous appeals, then no sign is placed before the first of them.
“Immediately return home after the lessons of both Anton and Maxim!”
The particle “o” inside the sentence with appeals is not separated from it by any signs. However, if “o” is an interjection and has the meaning “ah”, it is separated from the treatment by a sign (comma or exclamation mark).
“Oh white nights, how beautiful you are!”
“Oh, Vasily Petrovich, what a morale today!”
If there are particles “a” or “yes” before repeated treatment, they will not be separated from it by a comma.
“A cat, but a cat!”
Suggestions with appeals - note
Typically, the personal pronouns “you” and “you” play the role of the subject, although sometimes they can act as appeals, both on their own and as part of phrases.
“How did you end up in this godforsaken place, brother?”
“How could I even be a little angry, my dear?”