“I bring to your attention that the CCM Ivanov V.V. had an accident. Upon arrival of the inspector of the traffic police, a protocol was drawn up in which Ivanov said that he was in a hurry to visit his wife at the maternity hospital, so he exceeded speed in the city center at his BelAZ, and then paid fine, wrote an SMS message to his wife and calmed down. " Do you understand everything? Most likely, yes, because rather simple abbreviations are used in this example. But they are completely different.
Let's understand this issue, and at the same time we will decode them - in the process of clarifying the rules and varieties of abbreviations.
What is an abbreviation?
The word came to us from the Italian language, derived from the Latin brevis - short. That is, we can say that the abbreviation is the abbreviation of a word or phrase. People began to shorten words and phrases a very long time. Indeed, it is much faster and more convenient to use the language.
It is not surprising that we received the "abbreviation" from Italians, with their temperament there is no time to pronounce each word in combination, especially since it is always found in the same composition! The abbreviation is pronounced on average five times (!) Faster than the original expression, and is probably written faster every 10-15.
Abbreviations have become widespread in Russia with the development of the media. It was even beneficial. For example, by submitting an advertisement to a newspaper or television, you pay for each character (letter). In this case, it will be cheaper to advertise exercise therapy classes than physical therapy. Much cheaper!
Types of Abbreviations
So, there are complex words and initial abbreviations.
A shortened abbreviation is what? It is obtained from the addition of initial syllables in a phrase, it is also called sometimes - syllable.
You can add up just the initial syllables in the words: the state farm is a joint economy.
You can take only the beginning from one word, and the whole second, as in our example,
Maternity hospital - maternity hospital. Often there is the same as in the previous example, but the noun is in the indirect case: comrot - the company commander. And you can add different parts of words, beginning and ending, the destroyer - destroyer.
And what are initial abbreviations? What is formed by adding the initial letters or sounds of the word. They are divided into three types.
- Alphabetic . In them, the abbreviation is formed strictly from the initial letters in combination, and these letters are read (pronounced), as in the alphabet: accident (de-te-te-pe) - a traffic accident. Sometimes reading (pronunciation) of one or more letters may differ from the alphabetical: LFK (el-fe-ka) - therapeutic physical culture.
- Sound . In them, combinations of letters are read as one word: high school (not ve-u-ze) - higher education institution.
- Alphanumeric , respectively formed by a combination of letters and sounds: STSI (gi-be-de-de-de) - the state traffic safety inspectorate.
There are mixed abbreviations: BelAZ - Belarusian Automobile Plant.
And tautological, which are stable expressions combining the abbreviation and the word - SMS message.
How to decrypt abbreviation
We now know that the abbreviation is what comes from the reduction of expressions according to different principles and rules. But abbreviations are also divided by social use.
They are generally accepted, we often know their meanings from childhood, but we will not be able to decipher correctly. But what is a special abbreviation? Such reductions are formed in any branch of science, activity, knowledge, they are most often understood only by people directly working here. An individual abbreviation (IA) can be known to a certain number of persons or be present in only one test, then its description should be present at its beginning.
To understand what the abbreviation means, you can refer to the directory, because they are general and highly specialized, say, a medical directory of abbreviations or a directory of foreign abbreviations. Although sometimes only a personal acquaintance with its creator will help to find out the true meaning of reduction.