In economic literature, when considering such a question as the forms of labor organization, a classical classification is proposed: the division into individual and collective forms.
Collective forms of labor organization are the most widespread, since most often the production plan is brought to a unit, and the results of the implementation of this plan accrue wages to the entire unit, with subsequent distribution between individual workers. Depending on the place occupied in the hierarchy of the organization, collective forms of labor organization, in turn, are divided into group, department, sector, workshop, etc.
Depending on the division method, divisions are distinguished with a complete division of labor (fulfilling only their duties at their workplace), with partial interchangeability (possession of several specialties and performing the combination function), with full interchangeability (any employee of the division can replace any other employee at any time of this unit).
Units can also be fully self-governing, when, after the assignment is established, the subunit solves it on its own, mobilizing precisely those resources that are needed to achieve its goals. Partial self-government involves delegating part of the functions and centralizing the other part. If all functions are centralized, we are talking about a collective form without self-government.
According to the methods of payment, such forms of labor organization are distinguished as: the form of individual labor remuneration, payment according to the tariff system, payment according to the tariff system using coefficients, non-tariff wages, commission wages. If we consider the forms of labor organization in cooperation with the organization’s management, then we can distinguish forms based on direct subordination, acting on the basis of a lease, contract or contract.
Using various forms of organization of labor in the enterprise, it is necessary to ensure that this increases the efficiency of work and the attractiveness of labor in the enterprise. For example, it is not recommended to combine such labor operations that differ greatly in the qualifications of the employed labor of the employee (for example, auxiliary work and highly skilled labor).
In order for the selected combination program to be successful, you need to develop a map of the organization of labor in a particular enterprise. Combining various professions, expanding the service area and replacing an absent employee are progressive forms of labor organization. By combination is meant the performance of one's job duties plus additional work in another specialty. The expansion of the service area is an increase in the volume of work in the main specialty of the employee. Replacing an absent employee is the performance of additional duties of this employee for the period of vacation, illness, business trip, etc.
Such forms are aimed at reducing the number of working personnel, reducing the cost of paying wages, increasing labor productivity without additional investments. These forms of labor organization can be applied only with the written consent of the employee and should not lead to a deterioration in the quality of products. The employee should have unused time during the working day when he has the opportunity to perform additional work.
It is imperative to ensure that the employee is not overly overloaded and is able to perform the job of combining qualitatively during his working day. Otherwise, the combination may lead to a deterioration in performance.