What are called verbs in Russian? This is part of the speech, in the initial form, answering the questions "What to do?" ( drink, sing, paint, walk ) or "What to do?" ( drink, sing, dye, go ). Verbs most often indicate an action, sometimes a state. They can be personal, i.e. denoting the action that a particular person performs.
Examples. Blooming bird cherry. Her scent is dizzy . Someone came down from the hill. In this case, the verbs “blooms” and “came down” call the action that a particular person performs (bird cherry blossoms , someone came down ), so they are called personal.
Impersonal verbs express an action that takes place without its producer.
Examples. It's getting dark. It is getting cold . I'm in a little fever .
Impersonal verbs can be combined into semantic groups.
The first group.
It includes verbs expressing actions occurring in nature. It grows darker, colder, smoothes, freezes.
The second group.
Verbs that capture a state or sensation. Chills, fever, unwell.
The third group.
Impersonal verbs capturing desire, necessity, opportunity or measure of action. Enough should be.
Impersonal verbs and personal are inextricably linked in language. In particular, often the personal form acts as impersonal.
Examples. The bell rings (L.gl.), the holidays have arrived. My head rings (bl.gl.) From an overabundance of emotions.
In the first sentence, the personal form of the verb “rings” denotes an action that is performed by a specific producer (call). In the second case, the action takes place (takes place) regardless of the manufacturer, in itself, it denotes a state, therefore, in this case it does not and cannot have a manufacturer. (Can anyone ring in the head?) This is an impersonal form of the verb.
Impersonal verbs harden (are used) only in certain fixed forms.
If they are indicative, they can be used exclusively:
- in the third person singular;
- present or future tense;
- in the past tense, a form of the middle kind
Example. It will be getting dark very soon. (Ch. Used in the future tense, singular, third person). It gets dark early in the fall. (Present, singular, third person). Today it froze . (Elapsed time, gender genus, singular).
If the verbs are in conditional mood, then they are used in the middle gender.
Example. I would rather freeze about.
In an indefinite form.
Example. It will start to get dark soon.
Impersonal verbs are always the main member (predicate) in impersonal sentences. The meaning of these sentences is determined by the meaning of impersonal verbs. Some of them record the state of wildlife ( How early it gets dark in the fall! ). Others are the state of a living being, including humans. ( In the spring, he breathes easily. From fear, his heart sank. ) Finally, proposals of this kind can have the semantic meaning of duty or necessity. ( He pronounced the words clearly, as was appropriate for a good teacher ).
There are much more personal verbs capable of speaking in an impersonal form (in our language). The structures of such proposals, their meanings are very diverse. They decorate speech, give it imagery, emotionality.
Example. The sky laid with dark clouds.
Verb tenses in Russian are an important morphological category. This is an intermittent symptom. It denotes the moment of a certain action in relation to the moment of speech. This symptom varies depending on the context.
Examples. I draw , I draw you. The action is taking place at the moment.
I drew you, but just did not recognize . The action is committed in the past.
I will draw you queen. I will paint tomorrow morning. The action will be committed in the future.
To determine the verb tense, just ask a question.