Homogeneous members of a sentence are any members of a construction that possess the following features:
1) obey one word in a sentence;
2) answer the same questions;
3) speak with enumerative intonation;
4) communicate with each other through a compositional connection ;
5) the proposal is emphasized equally, being the same member.
Homogeneous members of the sentence are attached to each other by unions (composing , dividing, opposing) and using the intonation of the enumeration. If unions are absent or simply repeated, then they are connected only by intonation.
We must not forget that homogeneous members can not always be words expressed in one part of speech, the main thing is that they obey one member in a sentence and answer the same questions.
Homogeneous sentence members are used without unions (communication is done through enumerative intonation and connecting pause), and with single unions (communication is done through intonation and conjunctions), and with repeated unions (communication with each other using intonation and conjunctions), and with double unions (intonational and union connection).
Depending on what connects them together, punctuation marks with homogeneous members are arranged as follows.
1) A comma is needed:
- There is no union. Strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries ripened in the forest.
- Between the words there are opposing unions: a, but, yes [= but], but, however. Suddenly a cloud fell with a small but frequent rain.
- Double alliances are used. He was able not only to sing, but also to dance.
- There is a union of yes and in the meaning of addition. Dasha loved to paint, and to paint too.
2) The comma is not allowed:
- Connected by dividing unions "either", "or", as well as by connecting unions "and", "yes [= and]". Lera or Masha will sing, Kolya or Stas will dance.
- There are phraseological turns. She was offended by me for no reason.
Why are uniform sentence members needed? This question very often arises, perhaps, for almost anyone who has at least once encountered homogeneous members and had some kind of problem with differentiating them in writing. First of all, they are needed not only to diversify our speech, but also to make it and our writing much richer and more beautiful. It is impossible to imagine the speech of a modern literate person without using homogeneous members in it. Using them, the speaker and the writer show a high level of knowledge of the native language and most accurately and correctly expresses their desires and thoughts.
In order to always be understood correctly, as well as considered an intelligent and competent person, be able to use homogeneous members in place in oral and written speech, use the knowledge and skills to put punctuation marks between them in written documents. Only then will they speak of you as a competent person and an interesting interlocutor who is able at any moment to find the only right answer to this question.