The human mental world is a multifaceted system that constantly changes in the process of life. But modernization will not be possible without improvement in the functioning of its components. Therefore, it is necessary to consider mental processes, properties and conditions as the basis for the manifestation of a person’s inner life. Let us dwell on this in more detail.
Mental processes are a form of existence of the inner world of a person, because it is not static and is formed in the process of interaction of the individual with the environment. Therefore, they should be considered only in dynamics and in development. Mental processes are included in the most complex types of activities and are divided into the following classes:
- cognitive (cognitive), which provide a reflection in the consciousness of the world (perception, sensations, representation, memory, attention, imagination, thinking);
- emotional-volitional, which provide the features of activity and behavior (motivation, volitional efforts, control processes, goal-setting, decision making);
- communicative, which facilitate interaction with other people.
In the structure of personality they are a more static and stable characteristic.
In contrast, mental states function for a short period of time. Their classification is made on the following grounds:
- in form and level of emotionality (sadness, shame, joy, aggressiveness, etc.);
- in intensity;
- according to the level of physiological resource;
- on mental stress;
- by the duration of the condition itself;
- according to the mood (unfavorable, favorable).
Mental properties are stable and constantly manifesting characteristics of a person, which are due to the characteristics of his activity and behavior. After a certain time, they have the peculiarity of stabilizing and form any constant quality.
Mental properties can change and develop, while a person will function and improve. The main ones include:
- character;
- personality orientation ;
- abilities;
- temperament.
Let us consider in more detail these mental properties of personality.
Temperament is an individual quality of a person, which determines the features of its course in mental processes and activities. So, choleric is fast, impulsive, unbalanced, quick-tempered, quickly irritated, impatient. Sanguine will perform the task when he is interested, but is able to maintain composure in any setting. In addition, this type of temperament is characterized by sociability and initiative. Phlegmatic is characterized by a calm, even, persistent, persistent character. He is careful and prudent, but not so sociable. Melancholic is a weak type of nervous system. He is impressive, pessimistic, indecisive, sensitive and withdrawn.
As noted, mental properties also include abilities (special and general), which are distinguished by effectiveness and speed in mastering activities. Their combination is designated as giftedness, but its high degree is talent.
The main mental properties in the personality structure are orientation (includes goals that a person sets for himself; his own aspirations and motives for his activities; interests that he is guided by) and character. The latter is a set of expressed, stable states that are typical of it).
As practice shows, mental properties are characterized by the fact that they are constantly manifested in the actions and actions of a person.