The syntax of the Russian language leads to many who study it, fear and awe, and in vain. There is nothing complicated: an accessory definitive, union word, introductory constructions - names are incomprehensible only at first glance. So let's get it right.
Although, in principle, the word order in sentences in Russian is free, basically sentences are built on the principle of SVO or subject (actor, subject), then a verb (predicate), then an object (direct addition). An example - “I'm going for a walk on the street” - is the construction of a sentence normative for the Russian language.
Another word order is usually used to add some meaning - ironic, for example.
Complicated sentences come in two forms: compound and complex.
The former are divided according to which unions are connected - connecting (they include and, yes, in the meaning of "and", neither ... nor, either, like ... so, also, and yes), separating (or, or, then ... then, then whether ... whether it’s not that ... not that) and disgusting (but, but, yes in the meaning of “but”, however).
Simple sentences as part of compound ones are separated by commas (example: “A complex sentence with clauses is not so scary, and the prospect of explaining to children what it is more terrifies me)”.
Commands are always placed before opposing and dividing unions.
Complicated subdivisions are divided into subordinate definitive, explanatory and circumstantial. They differ in the kind of alliances they join. A compound clause with a clause of definitive consists of a simple clause and a clause of adjoining attached to it with the help of unions or allied words.
The relative explanatory spreads the predicate with its content (verbs of speech, perception, feelings) and answers the questions: “what?”, “What?”, “Where?” And joins with the help of: what, so that, as if.
The relative definitive answers the question “what?” and joins with the help of: which, which, whose, who, what, where.
There are many adverbial circumstances, and they differ in the same way as circumstances: there are adverbial circumstances of the way, place, time, conditions, reason, purpose, comparison, concession.
A complex subordinate sentence with an appropriative definitive, which refers to the members of the sentence, defining and refining its features, can often be found in the description of the landscape.
It is important to remember that only completely independent sentences are separated by commas - with the subject and predicate, and not homogeneous members, connected by union (in the union-free sentence of the comma, homogeneous members are also separated). Exceptions to this rule are sentences in which there is some common element (the circumstance of time or place relating to both sentences, for example) - in such cases a comma is not needed. For example: "Frogs lived in an old, musty-smelling forest and wriggling snakes crawled under the rocks." “In the forest” for the first and second sentences the circumstance of the place, a comma is not needed.
So, now briefly about what is worth remembering the relative clauses:
- Complicated subordinate clauses are classified by the type of unions that connect them: connecting, dividing and opposing;
- Complicated subordinate clauses come in three forms: the clause, definitive, explanatory and circumstantial; before the union or union word introducing the subordinate clause (what, what, where, though, why, etc.), a comma is placed;
-full simple sentences in complex sentences are separated by commas (exceptions are sentences with a common element).