Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov had already gained fame at the time of writing this poem. His poems “To Whom It Is Good to Live in Russia” and “Frost, Red Nose” were loved by the people. The contemporary journal published by the poet was the mouthpiece of democracy. L.N. collaborated with the magazine Tolstoy, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev, M.E. Saltkov-Shchedrin, I.A. Goncharov,
A.I. Ostrovsky.In 1864 he created the poem Nekrasov "Railway". A summary of the work will be considered in this article.
Historical setting at the time of writing the poem
The triumph of the victorious revolutionary-democrat reaction was felt not only by Nekrasov. “Railroad” is a short narrative about the narrow framework between hunger and overwork. The whole nation was placed. Defenders of the people, critics of the sixties, whom they called the "people's conscience": Dobrolyubov and Pisarev, passed away. I went to a distant link Chernyshevsky.
In 1861, the authorities unpreparedly abolished serfdom. As you know, 75% of the estates in serf Russia were not mechanized. The patriarchal village was opened for capitalist relations. A landslide ruin of inefficient farms began. A huge mass of practically free labor has entered the labor market. Former peasants went to any work, almost for food. Social catastrophes were brewing. As a reflection on the fate of Russia in his journal "Contemporary" publishes his own poem Nekrasov "Railway". Its summary immediately became a subject of discussion for the whole of Russian society.
The plot of the poem
The most dramatic work of Nekrasov begins everyday. As if her first poetic lines were written in watercolor. Late autumn, “ice is not strong”, “icy river”, but leaves on trees that have not yet had time to “fade”. Lyrically begins his story Nekrasov. The “railway” intentionally reveals its content to the reader gradually.
A young son in a coachman's armory and his father-general hit the road by rail. The son, who asked about who built it, the father called the name of the "builder": "Count Peter Andreevich Kleinmikhel ..." But the child dozing off on the road dreamed the truth about this construction, similar to a thriller. Only under pain of starvation could one decide on such a job. To live in a dugout, to eat somehow, practically have no rest, suffer from cold and dampness, and at the same time exhausting work for 12-14 hours. Work argued. The Judah-tenders recorded the miscalculations of each. When the time came for settlement, the foremen announced the fines attributable to each. It turned out quite a bit to pay, and often the builders were even obliged. Then the workers were “given” a barrel of wine, and the question of payment was thus removed in principle. The rebellious were spotted to death. Those who died from illness and exhaustion were buried there. The road was practically built on bones.
Is it not a vile system that exposes Nekrasov to the Russian public? The “railway” briefly contrasts its content directly with the officially accepted point of view. Her idea is faith in a people who, nevertheless, will find a worthy destiny for themselves (they will pave a "broad, clear ... road). By the way, this work with a "gnashing of teeth" was remembered by censors when two years later they closed the journal Sovremennik, where it was printed.
But the memory remained in people's memory, when in the society crushed by repressions the work of the Nekrasov “Railway” proudly and loudly sounded. Its summary should be taken as the author’s attempt to “see the light”, overcoming the “midnight darkness” of the terry reaction.
Conclusion
The story presented by this poem is true and testifies to the true picture of the construction of the Nikolaev railway. Its construction was unquestioningly loyal to Nikolai I, Minister of Railways, Adjutant General Kleinmikhel Pyotr Andreevich. The emperor was proud of his subordinates. Honoring his merits, they even struck out a personalized gold medal, on which the slogan “Zeal overcomes everything” flaunted. His style of organizing the construction was quick, but always accompanied by many human deaths. The people fiercely hated Kleinmichel. Therefore, the new emperor Alexander II, having ascended the throne, hastened to change this odious figure on the post.