The school curriculum includes information on six cases of the Russian language, each student must know their meaning and be able to decline nouns, pronouns, etc. Generations of students compete in inventing a ridiculous and ridiculous rhyme to make it easier for themselves to remember their order in declension. Yes, everyone, probably from childhood, remembers: "Ivan gave birth ..." - and so on ...
The word "gave birth" in this mnemonic tongue twister means genitive case. In grammatical terms, this is not direct, but one of five indirect cases. In many languages, it expresses a possessive attitude, and also performs other functions. It is easy to recognize it, you need to put to the noun, pronoun, etc. in this case form the question "who?" or "what?" with the auxiliary word "no", and if it does not change, then it means - this is a genitive case. For instance:
a) "no what?" - suns, conversations, songs;
b) "no one?" - uncles, mothers, dogs.
With the genitive case form, the prepositions “y”, “before”, “from”, “from”, “s”, “about”, “around”, “without”, “for” are used. For example: near a hut, from a house, around a gazebo. The genitive plural is no exception. For example: near houses, from answers, around plots.
The accepted genitive in the following meanings is used without pretexts:
- In the value of belonging, it indicates a person who owns some object. For example: verses by Mikhalkov, brother’s coat, sketch of the artist.
- Clarifies the meaning, the relationship between objects. For example: director of a plant, part of an airplane, spelling rule.
- Indicates qualities and attributes. For example: the diligence of the student, the tenderness of the mother, the blue of the sky, the beauty of flowers.
- With a numeral or a word defining a measure, quantity, comparison. For example: brighter than the sun, one meter of fabric, ten kids, five schoolchildren.
- With a verbal name, where the case form denotes the object over which the action is performed. For example: completing a task, taking Perekop, washing dishes.
The verbal genitive means:
- A direct object if the verb controlling the verb form is negative. For example: does not like flowers, does not take his eyes off the picture.
- If the control verb is not exposed to the whole object, but only a part of it. For example: pour (a glass) of milk, eat (a hump) of bread.
- After a series of governing verbs. For example: achieve success, wait for promotion, ask for forgiveness.
- After those verbs that have the meaning of removal, deprivation, fear and the like. For example: be afraid of the dark, lose the shelter.
Often the genitive case, the endings of its word forms, are erroneously replaced by another:
- Accusative with the pretext “for”. For example: Pushkin and Lermontov - singers for freedom, together singers of freedom.
- Accusative with the preposition "on." For example: Good nutrition matters not only to the patient, but instead to the patient.
- Correct with the preposition "c". For example: Emotions are not separable from feelings, instead of from feelings.
- Prepositional with the preposition "on." Young people regard life in a material position, instead of in a material position.
- Genitive with a preposition instead of a genitive without a preposition. For example: The public condemned the robbery and murder of civilians, instead of the robbery and murder of civilians.
Misuse of cases is considered a gross speech mistake. To be recognized as a competent and intelligent speaker, you need to learn the rules of declension.