The syntactic characterization of a sentence, which is also called “parsing”, is required to systematize its constructions, which helps to more fully understand its meaning and prevent mistakes in the punctuation. As a rule, such written work is required in secondary schools, since subsequently it is carried out mentally on an automatic level.
First of all, the sentence is characterized by the purpose of expression and emotional coloring. It can be narrative, interrogative, or incentive; exclamation or non-exclamation. Most of the information at this stage is taken from the final punctuation mark: the question mark clearly makes it clear that we have a question sentence, and the point is non-exclamatory. The motive can be recognized by the presence of a verb in the imperative mood.
The following is a description of the proposal by the number of bases: simple - if it is one, and complex - if there are several.
If the proposal turned out to be simple, we characterize it by the type of basis - one-part or two-part. In the first case, it is necessary to indicate the category (call, definite or indefinite personal, impersonal). In the second - a complete offer or incomplete.
After that, there is a characteristic of the proposal for the presence of secondary members - it can be widespread or non-widespread. Next, we indicate the presence of complicating structures - introductory words, appeals, participial and participial phrases, homogeneous members, direct speech, isolated constructions. And finally - we analyze all the members of the sentence, indicating the parts of speech with which they are expressed. We explain the punctuation. The characterization of a sentence, if simple, ends here.
The characteristic of a
complex sentence differs somewhat from the scheme described above. After the second paragraph, an indication of the type of connection between its parts follows - it can be allied or non-union. When an allied connection is detected, we determine the
type of sentence - complex or complex.
After that, we analyze each simple construction separately, as if it were separate sentences according to the algorithm given above. In the same way, the composition, the presence of secondary members, complexity and so on are indicated. This completes the characterization of the proposal.
So, we see that any characteristic of a sentence ultimately comes down to an explanation of punctuation marks. That is, it is needed for systematic self-testing. In addition, this procedure helps to avoid common
syntax errors, in particular, incorrect coordination between parts of a sentence. The characterization of the proposal in most cases is quite simple, but there is a flip side to the coin. The slightest mistake can lead to a misinterpretation of the sentence or an incorrect spelling. Of course, when working with ready-made examples, this is not so scary. But in tasks where the punctuation marks depend on the
analysis of sentences , you need to try to approach the characterization as seriously as possible. And then you can avoid a lot of mistakes.