ZTsM for calves: structure, instruction, reviews. Whole milk substitute

The main purpose of cattle breeding on farms in most cases is to obtain large quantities of milk. However, such a farm can only be profitable if the stock is reproduced in good quality. Well, young animals born on the farm will develop only if a suitable diet is developed for them. Very often used on farms such a balanced feed, as milk replacer, for calves. Its use contributes to the rapid weight gain of young animals, reducing morbidity and lunges. Such a feed is, in comparison with milk, relatively inexpensive.

What is WMS

The dairy period in calves lasts most often 1-2 months. All this time they are actively gaining weight and need a lot of proteins. However, feeding calves with milk for such a long time is, of course, impractical. After all, this is the main product of almost any cattle breeding farm . Without it, the farmer cannot get profit. In order to avoid financial losses, owners of such farms often use milk replacer for calves.

This feed is a dry mixture of a special composition. Being divorced, in terms of nutritional qualities, milk replacer is practically in no way inferior to ordinary milk.

What is the composition of the milk replacer for calves

Most often, the following ingredients are used in the manufacture of whole milk substitutes:

• dry return;
• dry whey;
• vegetable and animal fats;
• grain tart;
• all kinds of vitamin and mineral supplements (premixes).

In the preparation of such mixtures at enterprises carefully monitor the proportions of the components. In case of imbalance of the milk replacer for calves, the price of which is not particularly high, will not correspond to the consistency of milk. And therefore, its use as feed for young animals will not bring the desired effect. Of course, the SES standards must be observed in the manufacture of this feed. Otherwise, the calves receiving it may become infected with some dangerous diseases.

How to make

In the early days of life on farms, calves receive colostrum. Using artificial products during this period is highly discouraged. The fact is that in the first 3-5 days, young animals actively form an immune defense. On the fifth day, the calves are given milk. ZTsM it can be replaced already even at this time. Calves are allowed to be fed at 5-11 days of age. But more often than not, such food is introduced into the diet of young animals only on the 20th day. This allows the farmer to save money and at the same time replenish the herd with absolutely healthy animals.

Prepare a substitute for whole milk on calf farms by diluting the dry mixture with 7-9 parts of warm water. It is believed that the best effect is provided by those finished milk replacer, which contain 25% of proteins and fats. Growing calves, in addition to such mixtures, are allowed to solder and herbal juices. During this period, the amount of fed milk replacer is reduced by 25%. On average, about 28-40 kg of such mixtures are spent per calf on a farm for the period of feeding.

How many animals should receive WMS

The rate of milk replacer for calves per day is strictly determined by the instructions for use. How much young animals should receive this feed per day, depending on age, can be found in the table below.

Retreating from recommended dosages is highly discouraged. This can adversely affect the weight gain of animals and their health.

ZTZM for calves: instructions for cooking on the farm

When using this type of feed, farm workers must follow these recommendations:

• dilute the mixture immediately before laying it in the feeders;
• To feed the diluted milk replacer, use only clean dishes;
• product dosages should be carefully observed for calves of a specific age group;
• to dilute the mixture should use water at a temperature of approximately 45-55 C;
• stir the composition until the lumps completely disappear.

Benefits of using

Thus, we figured out how to breed WMS for calves correctly. The advantages of such feeds are primarily:

• the balance of micro- and macroelementary, as well as energy composition;
• ease of use;
• economic feasibility of use;
• gain stabilization.

The farmer, when applying milk replacer, can get additional profit, first of all, because such formulations are about 1.5-2 times cheaper than milk.

Disadvantages of use

Of course, this variety of calf food has not only advantages. The disadvantages of using milk replacer for calves, the preparation of which is simple, many farmers include:

• not too long shelf life;
• the ability to transmit young leukemia or tuberculosis through ingredients of animal origin;
• the need for additional cooking on the farms.

Such mixtures are made in factories using whole blood and eggs. This somewhat increases the cost of fattening the young. In the production of milk replacer, the technology of extruding the feedstock (peas, flax seeds, and barley) is mainly used. This technique, unfortunately, is not perfect. The protein during the preparation of the mixture is partially decomposed. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in the digestibility of feed by the body of calves.

The milk replacer is not stored for too long, primarily because it contains a rather large amount of fat. Keep such mixtures until feeding is allowed no more than 1-3 months. Sometimes flour from tomato seeds is additionally added to the milk replacer . This allows you to increase the shelf life of the mixture up to 12 months.

What to look for when choosing

Before buying a milk replacer from the manufacturer, the farmer should definitely study the feed label. Qualitative is considered only that substitute for whole milk, which contains:

• fiber - not more than 1%;
• ash - a maximum of 10%;
• crude fat at least 16-20% for repair young animals and 20-33% for intended for fattening;
• calcium - not less than 0.9%;
• dairy products - at least 70%;
• phosphorus - at least 0.7%.

If milk replacer contains too much fiber, the nutrients will not be fully absorbed by the calves. The fact is that this component is able to swell in the intestine, as a result of which it overflows.

If flaxseed is included in the milk replacer, you may even refuse to purchase it. An extract from this product may have an astringent effect on the digestive tract of young animals. Do not buy mixtures containing soy flour. This product is usually part of only low-priced milk replacer. In the presence of soy flour in the feed, calves can have serious problems with its digestion. Because of this, the development of young animals slows down

In addition to the label, when choosing a milk replacer, the farmer should pay attention to the color of the mixture. The whiter it is, the more lactose and dairy products are contained in the feed.

Liquid substitutes

More often than not, calves are left in the dry milk market for calves . But sometimes manufacturers produce a liquid product of this variety. Such compositions are made using skim milk or a mixture thereof with buttermilk or whey. This type of milk replacer is not necessary to mix with water. Before use, it is simply heated or cooled to a temperature that is comfortable for calves (approximately 35 ° C).

Top manufacturers

The rating of domestic companies engaged in the production of WMS is approximately as follows:

• "ProLak-16";
• JSC "Vamin-Tatarstan";
• Mustangingredients CJSC;
• LLC "Prodinvest";
• Volotov Dairy OJSC.

Also on the domestic market are implemented ZTsM imported:

• Sloten B. V;
• Vreugdenhil B. V;
• Nutrifeed Vegnel;
• Joosten Products B. V;
• Schils bv

Of the foreign companies involved in the supply of WTC, the Netherlands are the leaders in the Russian market.

Milk replacer for calves: product price

This food is sold on the market usually in 25 kg bags. Depending on the composition and manufacturer, the milk replacer can cost from 50 to 110-130 rubles per kg. Feeding calves on a cheap mixture, of course, will allow the farmer to reduce the cost of keeping animals. However, the composition of such mixtures is usually not very high quality. And therefore, it is unlikely to succeed in achieving good productivity results from cattle fed on them. Many farmers believe that it is better to overpay a little, but not to have subsequent problems with the development of young animals and their health.

Reviews on the use of milk replacer

All the above manufacturers supply the domestic market, according to farmers, a fairly high-quality product. The advantages of ProLak-16 WMS, for example, are the owners of cattle farms that are low cost and high-quality staff. Dairy products in the WTC of this manufacturer include 62%, and vegetable products - 16%. The only thing is that experienced farmers do not recommend diluting the ProLak-16 mixture according to the instructions on the label. Otherwise, animals can be trapped. It is better to prepare a solution from this milk replacer for calves, reviews of which are mostly good, using standard technology.

The advantages of Dutch food Sloten BV include primarily a high level of milk base. Quite a lot in the milk replacer from this manufacturer also contains fat (10-18%). Also a plus of this food is the fact that its composition, in addition to the main components, also includes antibodies, like cow's milk, which enhance the immunity of animals.