In the “computer graphics” section, we study how to create new and process existing graphic files using special hardware. A large number of program classes are designed to work with such data.
The following types of graphics are distinguished:
- vector;
- raster;
- fractal;
- three-dimensional;
- symbolic.
The latter has not been used for a long time, so in this article we will focus on only four types.
Specific types of graphics determine the specifics of working with them. So, for example, working with raster graphics implies, rather, its processing rather than creation. And with vector, on the contrary, more creation than processing.
Let us consider in more detail each type of graphics.
1. Vector
The main element is the line. A straight line or a curve is absolutely unimportant. With the help of lines all objects of vector graphics are formed. Simple objects form complex. It turns out that all the lines are interconnected.
The properties of lines include such indicators:
- the form;
- thickness;
- color;
- character.
If the line is closed, then it has the property of filling. An open line has two vertices - nodes, which, in turn, have their own properties.
2. Raster
Here, unlike the previous view, the main element is the point. For a screen image, a pixel. It has color and placement properties.
Disadvantages of bitmap images :
- take up a lot of space in the computer's memory;
- it is impossible to enlarge the picture for a better view of the elements.
3. Fractal
An image in a fractal graphic represents several interconnected identical elements. Special algorithms or formulas help to build such drawings. Image modification is possible when replacing numbers in algorithms or parameters in formulas.
4. Three-dimensional
The object of studying 3D graphics are methods for constructing three-dimensional models of specific objects, objects. It is important that they maximally correspond to their real prototypes. For this, various shapes and surfaces are used.
Studying the types of graphics, you should definitely pay attention to the following concepts:
Resolution. There are screen, printer, and image resolutions . When working with graphics, the latter is important. This is an image property. The unit is dots per inch. Sets the resolution during image creation in the editor or during scanning.
The physical size of an image means its real height and width. It can be measured in pixels and in centimeters (millimeters, meters, etc.). It is also set during the creation of the drawing and is stored with it. For an image to be displayed on the screen, the physical size is indicated in pixels. This allows you to accurately determine which part of the screen it will occupy. The size of the image to be printed is indicated in units of length in order to understand how much space it will require on a sheet of paper.
All types of graphics have their advantages and disadvantages. But, despite this, for each of them today has its own scope. For raster graphics, this is restoration of photographs, for example, and for vector graphics, the creation of advertising banners. Perhaps in the near future the world will become aware of a new type of computer graphics. Who knows?