The dream of many summer residents is to grow delicious and very healthy grapes on their site. Propagation of plants in Siberia is not obtained at all. Culture has come to this region recently, and the experience of growing is not enough. But in the southern regions, where climatic conditions allow you to grow luxurious grapes, its reproduction is not difficult. There are many experienced growers with a light hand - stuck a chubuk in the ground, and after 2-3 weeks it begins to turn into a vine.
Methods of propagation of grapes
It is grown from seeds, cuttings (they are called chubuki), layering and grafting. Which of these methods is the best? Let's start in order. The first method is suitable only for decorative grapes for decorating arbors, arches. Plants from seeds develop for a very long time - it will take about 5, or even 6, years until they become fruitful. But the grapes will be wild - with sour and tasteless berries. The fact is that a plant from a seed will not repeat all the qualities of a variety. Therefore, do not buy seedlings from strangers. Their grapes can be grown from seed.
The best and most common way for beginner gardeners is to propagate grapes at home with cuttings, or, as they are often called, chubuk. Cuttings are harvested from annual shoots during autumn pruning when preparing the vines for shelter for the winter. The shoot is cleaned of leaves, examined whether the bark and eyes (kidneys) are well formed. 40 cm cuttings are cut from the middle or lower part of the shoot with a diameter of 7-10 cm. The lower cut is done immediately below the lower ocellus, and the upper one, 2 cm from the upper ocellus.
Harvested cuttings are soaked for 20 hours in water with a temperature of +15 ... + 18 degrees Celsius. This is necessary to ensure a moisture supply in the cuttings so that they do not dry out during storage before planting. Then, to protect against mold, lower the cuttings in a solution of 5% iron sulfate for an hour or two. After this, the cuttings are allowed to dry slightly, tied in bunches, wrapped with a moist burlap, placed in plastic bags that are tightly tied, providing a label with the name of the variety. Store the cuttings in a cool, dry cellar with a temperature of +2 ... + 5 degrees Celsius.
At the end of January, weeks, three cuttings are freed and the bottom part is covered with moist sawdust from coniferous wood, regularly moisturizing. During this time, callus will form on the cuttings - the primary root tissue. In advance, you need to prepare for planting pots (boxes), filling them with a mixture made up of equal parts of sand, compost and peat. Cuttings with roots are planted in prepared containers and put on the window, periodically watering, you can feed complex fertilizer type "Kemira" (1 tsp. To 3 l of water).
For better rooting, you can cover the cuttings with glass jars, periodically removing them, accustoming the seedlings to the air. When spring frosts pass, rooted cuttings with leaves are planted in the ground, trying not to destroy the earthen lump on the roots. Seedlings are watered first every 2-3 days, preventing the soil from drying out, and then as needed. From a bush grown from a shank, in a year or two you can pick grapes.
Reproduction by layering and vaccination can be done in several ways. To perform such work, you need to have gardening experience. In short: to get a bush from a layering you need an adult plant. Vaccinations are given if there is a desire to grow an unstable varietal grape. Reproduction in this case will occur from the root system of a winter-hardy variety capable of withstanding low negative temperatures.