This material will be devoted to the official part of speech - the particle. The categories will be considered, examples are given, differences from homonymous words are shown.
Get acquainted: particle!
We will analyze with you what a particle is. You just might have noticed: in the previous sentence, it is the word "same." So, a particle is an auxiliary part of speech, introducing new semantic emotionally colored shades into sentences, and serves to form new forms of the word. We give an example immediately.
He came. A simple, one might say, faceless sentence. Add various particles to this sentence.
He just came.
He just came.
Did he come?
He barely came.
Pay attention to how the meaning has changed and the emotional color in the sentences has appeared, it was only worth adding small elements. By the way, “just” is also a particle.
It is worth noting that the Russian language is so rich in such components of speech that there are not even specific requirements for memorizing them. You must learn to find, see in the text, and also be able to distinguish them from other words in sentences. We will talk about this in our article.
The main discharges of particles
Of the entire variety of these elements, four categories can be distinguished.
- Form-forming particles (let, let, let) are intended to form a word, can form degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
- Negative (no, far not, not at all, not at all).
- Particles that can characterize a sign (it can be a state or an action), flowing in time, in terms of effectiveness or completeness of implementation, or vice versa - sterility, incompleteness.
- Modal particles, which can be interrogative (whether, really, really), indicative (behold), specifying (just, exactly, exactly), excretory and restrictive (only, only), exclamation (what, how), reinforcing (even, no, after all, after all, all), mitigating requirements, showing doubts (hardly, hardly) and, finally, incentive (let, let, let).
Examples
Consider a modal particle as an example in sentences:
- Aren't we going fishing today?
- Here he is, a real champion!
- Just this was the very moment that could not be missed.
- What a charm, this music!
- Still, I had to do the work again.
- May the sun always shine!
Modal particles serve to convey the additional meaning of meaning in the text or in the speaker’s speech, enhance the emotional side and focus attention.
Modal Forming Particles
With the help of formative elements, it becomes possible to create new forms of words. This category of modal forming particles can be attributed to: let, yes, come on (-the), less, more, let more.
We give examples for illustrative purposes.
The word “would” can be used to form the conditional mood of a verb. I would do more if I got up earlier.
The modal particles form the imperative form of inclination. Let, let, let, yes. Here are some examples:
- May spring come.
- Tell him, hurry up.
- “Let there be light!” - said the electrician.
- Let's go on a trip to another country.
For the formation of a comparative degree of adverbs and adjectives formative elements are more or less. For instance:
- Faster lift to the floor by elevator.
- Less successful enterprise.
The formative element itself (we pay attention to the number and gender) can serve for the formation of an adjective in excellent form, for example: the brightest.
All of these listed formative elements are part of the verb form. When parsing proposals into members, it is recommended that they be emphasized as one member of the proposal, even if they are not nearby. It is necessary to give examples of the proposal with modal particles.
- I would not be late if I did not stay at work.
- Let them come tomorrow.
- Today, circumstances are less successful.
- Now I will guess a more complex riddle.
- In her life, she solved the most difficult task.
It is worth noting that such formative elements can be divided into conditional and imperative mood. Modal particles would be classified as conditional inclination , b.
The imperative includes such particles as: let, let, yes, let's, come on.
Unlike homonymous words. Examples
Let's remember what homonyms are. So, homonyms are words that are identical in spelling and sound, but different in meaning.
It is important not to confuse, be able to see and distinguish homonymous words. Examples:
- Give him half a tablet of medicine every half hour. In this context, the word come on is not a formative element, but a form of the verb give.
- Now let the boat downstream. Here, the word let it not be a particle, it is a form of the verb let it go.
- Is it really you? “I am the most.” In this variant, the word itself is a pronoun and has no connection with the adjective.
- She spoke very quietly, as if apologizing. In this sentence, the word seems to constitute an indivisible construction, which can be replaced by synonyms as if or as if.