The theory regarding such an important topic of the English language as active and passive voice, which, by the way, is called a little differently in Russian - real and passive voice - is a rather complicated theoretical question, especially for those who are just starting to study, absolutely, as for those who know it mediocre.
First of all, I propose to define the very grammatical term pledge. This concept includes a special form of the verb, showing whether the subject performs a certain action independently (acts as a subject), or is the object of the action.
I will give examples:
- Active (Russian. Valid) voice: The girls are planting flowers. Girls are planting flowers.
- Passive (Russian passive) voice: The flowers are being planted by girls. - Flowers are planted by girls.
Active and passive voice in English are quite common, so you can not make a special emphasis on any one, saying that you can easily do without the second.
The basic rule is as follows:
If the subject of the action is the subject, then the verb-predicate is used in the asset.
For example, My ex-boyfriend wrote me this strange note. My ex-young man wrote me this strange note.
If the subject of the sentence is the object of the action, then the verb-predicate will be used in passive.
For example, This strange note was written by my ex-boyfriend. This weird note was written by my ex-boyfriend.
Active and passive voice have different ways of education, and more precisely, the passive voice is built from the corresponding temporal form of the real according to this formula: the verb be (at the appropriate time) + III form of the verb (past participle).
In practice, it will look like this:
Simple English Times Group Simple (passive voice):
- Present Simple: A little noisy boy is examined by doctor. A small noisy boy is examined by a doctor (meaning regularly).
- Past Simple: Yesterday a little noisy boy was examined by doctor. Yesterday, a small noisy boy was examined by a doctor.
- Future Simple: Tomorrow a little noisy boy'll be examined by doctor. Tomorrow the doctor will look around a little noisy boy.
Continuous English tense group Continuous (passive voice):
- Present Continuous: A little noisy boy is being examined by doctor. A small noisy boy is being examined by a doctor.
- Past Continuous: A little noisy boy was being examined by doctor from 6 to 7 yesterday. Yesterday the doctor examined the little noisy boy from 6 to 7 o’clock.
Group of accomplished English times Perfect (passive voice):
- Present Perfect: A little noisy boy has been examined by doctor already. The little noisy boy was already examined by the doctor.
- Past Perfect: A little noisy boy had been examined by doctor by 12 o'clock yesterday Yesterday, at 12 o’clock the little noisy boy was already examined by the doctor.
- Future Perfect: A little noisy boy will have been examined by doctor by 12 o clock tomorrow Tomorrow by 12 o’clock the doctor of the little noisy boy will already examine.
As you might have already noticed the obvious fact that the group of perfect long-time Perfect Continuous, as well as the future. Future Continuous is not used for a long time in a passive (passive) voice.
Those. we were convinced that the passive and active pledges have a different number of temporary forms, and if there are 12 of them for the asset, then in the liability it is acceptable to use four less, only 8.
Passive voice is applied when the attention of the interlocutors is focused on the person or subject to which the action is directed. As a rule, the subject of this action, if indicated, is quite rare.
For instance,
Our institute was founded 150 years ago. Our institute was founded 150 years ago.
In this sentence, an institution is an object of action that is expressed by a predicate (it was founded); and it is about him that we are talking, and not about the personality of the founder.
If necessary, the subject of the action can be conveyed by expressing it with the addition of the preposition by (does not have a translation, but converts the next word into a case) or with (in translation from English it means “with”, “with”, “when using”) .
For instance,
They were invited by my best friend. They were invited by my best friend.
As I said above, the active and passive voice in English is used equally often. Although if we draw a parallel with Russian, then we can confidently say that in our native language the passive voice is used much less often.
In this article, I tried to briefly outline one of the most difficult topics. And finally, I would like to give advice to all beginners to learn a foreign language. Remember, active and passive voice - these are concepts that require not only a full understanding of the studied, but also a long and painstaking improvement in practice.