The problem of the raw material orientation of the country's economy is one of the most important in the whole complex of tasks of its structural restructuring. Moreover, it is now obvious that this system is ineffective, because even in comparison with other commodity economies, Russia will be in 14th place in terms of oil production per capita, among the 14 countries with the highest production volumes. In other words, the existing investment system not only does not allow to increase the volume of production, to use unused volumes of human capital, but also does not create the prerequisites for its increase. This is also one of the features of the Russian market for high-tech products, which does not allow to determine the optimal volume of production in industry in the whole country.
Experts conducted a study whose purpose was to identify the real volume of production in innovative sectors, the innovative activity of enterprises in the high-tech market of the Russian Federation. Among other things, it was found that in modern conditions, high-tech companies operate in six types of markets:
• foreign market for low-tech products;
• domestic market for low-tech products;
• foreign market for high-tech military products;
• domestic market for high-tech military products;
• foreign market for high-tech civilian products;
• The domestic market for high-tech civilian products.
It is the domestic market of high-tech civilian products that is currently in deep depression and the least promising due to structural imbalances, a general decrease in the technical level of production, and the use of elementary technological chains. As a result, a small volume of production in a dynamic proportion in relation to other industries. There are widespread examples of non-market competition, manifested in the elements of protectionism on the one hand and unfair activities of counterparties on the other. In other words, at the present stage of development, unclaimed high technologies in international markets will not be able to develop only due to domestic demand.
One of the current trends in the high-tech market of the Russian Federation at the moment is the tendency of domestic companies to enter international markets. This trend did not emerge suddenly, but for completely natural reasons. A critical factor affecting their production volume and the competitiveness of a high-tech company is time. Since the life cycle of an innovative product is extremely small and is 3-5 years, endless research and innovation is required . Its goal should be the emergence of products and technologies with consumer properties, while the speed of development is important. This process is associated with large volumes of financial injections, the need for which pushes most successful high-tech companies to international markets, as the total volume of production in the economy, the revenues received on national markets are not able to fully ensure the sustainable development of a high-tech company.
Russia is no exception to this general trend. The reduction in government spending on science and technology, the brain drain, the decline in education and many other factors create the prerequisites for high-tech companies to enter international markets in search of their consumers. Moreover, according to experts, the main content of preserving the scientific and technological potential and increasing the export opportunities of Russia can only be the development and further strengthening of the high-tech base.
The formation and development of the high-tech market of the Russian Federation, as an integral process of transition to an innovative economy, is associated with a number of conditions and consequences of this transition. The socio-economic transformation taking place in society as a result of ongoing reforms will determine the transition to an innovative economy as a major evolutionary step forward. The regulation of the emerging high-tech market by the executive and legislative branches of government has made a huge contribution to creating the prerequisites for further growth of this market.
At the moment, it is fundamentally important to understand and determine the degree of participation of state power in this process, as a guarantee of the stability of ongoing processes and the private sector (business, scientists, private investors and many others). Increased competition in the national market with simultaneous access to international markets will allow the active spread of domestic technology and expand the boundaries of domestic innovations. The capacity of the global high-tech market allows us to optimistically assess the chances of the Russian Federation to minimize the dependence of the new economic model on market fluctuations in natural resource prices.