The great and mighty Russian language ... How many rules did it contain, exceptions to these rules and cases of variability? Perhaps not a single dictionary will provide accurate statistics: explanatory, word-building, morphemic, spelling, etc. Even if we derive such statistics from the scientific works of Rosenthal, respected by all linguists, you won’t be able to get exact numbers. But by repeating the rules of the school curriculum, you can resolve almost any doubt in pronunciation or spelling.
So, one of the questions of the test for secondary school graduates when passing the exam in the Russian language: is it correct - kilograms or kilograms?
The discussion on this subject can be identified in several directions, the debate in which will be the end of the genitive case.
Based on the school curriculum, we draw the main conclusions.
Formal indicators of the word kilogram
There are only two of them:
- male;
- ends with a consonant.
These parameters are enough to refer this word to 2 declension. In declension 2 in the plural, masculine nouns ending in a consonant have the ending: s. For example, enemies, backpacks, tomatoes, parachutes, etc.
The rule does not allow options: kilograms or kilograms. Only one option is correct: kilograms.
In fact, the majority of reliable sources-dictionaries will say in the relevant articles about the admissibility of two options (zero ending and ending -s), but we will begin to interpret these options right now.
Kilograms or kilograms: what can it depend on?
What is the word kilograms used in the context of:
- with a numeral;
- with a noun in the genitive plural or singular;
- with a noun ending in –– (or another) in the genitive plural;
- used in oral or written language.
Differences in spoken and written speech of the Russian language
The main differences between these concepts are known to all students:
- transmission method - sounds, letters;
- existence - situational and permanent;
- accompaniment - facial expressions and gestures;
- graphics, etc.
Of course, within these boundaries, we can hear, for example, about the difference between sounds and letters. So, the word "Christmas tree" has four letters, and five sounds. And there are plenty of controversial contemporaries who will begin to argue that you can hear the real sound . But this is not the subject of our conversation. There is no variation in kilograms or kilograms.
There may be a debate on the following: is it permissible in oral speech (regardless of the forms of other words in combination) to end.
Already in Graudina’s textbook “Grammatical Correctness of Russian Speech” of the 1974 edition, it was said that all special and technical units of measurement had a stronger form of zero ending, not only in spoken, but also in written speech. After all, in fact, we never see the spelling of "watts" or "amperes", therefore, in both oral and written speech, these words have zero endings in the plural of the genitive case.
So, we draw the first conclusion: in this case there is no difference between oral and written speech . What is recognized as the norm applies equally to both types of speech.
Zero ending or ending - s - depending on the combination of words
Dictionaries admit both variants of word endings in the genitive case in the plural. At the same time, there is no special note in any article: “open.”, “Scientific.” and so on. Consequently, this variation has nothing to do with speech styles .
Let's try to deduce a rule that should be followed for the proper use of graduation options.
- A kilogram, the plural genitive is the end of s. For example, five kilograms of an orange, one hundred kilograms of fish, etc.
- in phrases with nouns in the plural of the genitive case with the ending in s, the plural - kilogram is permissible. For example, five kilograms of bananas; or two hundred kilograms of tomatoes.
It turns out that the ending in this case does not depend on the form of speech in the Russian language - oral or written, but depends on the form of the noun used with it. Thus, the forms of zero ending and ending -s become equal for us (without a mark in the dictionaries “preferably”).
Moreover, the use of both forms in the Russian language is not considered a mistake. Only in tests in the USE it is still worth looking at the form of all words in the phrase to answer academically absolutely accurately.
Attention!
Not only the word kilogram - genitive plural - has an ending s:
- grams - grams;
- karat - karat;
- X-ray - X-rays;
- microns - microns.
Declination pattern: kilogram, plural
Them. p. - kilograms.
Rod p. - kilograms (kilogram).
Dat p. - kilograms.
Vin. p. - kilograms.
Tv p. - kilograms.
P. p. - about kilograms.
This scheme should be guided in both oral and written language.