Modern science has more than eighty different definitions of the concept of "information." The classification of information contains many types and types of knowledge, but it is with its help that it is very easy to understand any science or field of activity. Not a single scientist could deduce such a definition of information that would fully reflect its essence and significance for modern society.
This is the fundamental basis of knowledge, which in combination with energy and matter "supports" the whole world. In order to understand why the classification and coding of information was created , it is necessary to find and learn at least one definition of this category.
Most often, information is defined as certain information about a specific object, subject, facts, phenomena or processes that occur in the world around us.
The first classification of information divides it according to a certain type of knowledge that is acquired. Declarative knowledge - well-known facts that are available to everyone. For example, the following information is considered to be such knowledge: “Kiev is the capital of Ukraine”, “The moon is the satellite of our planet Earth” and so on. Thus, declarative knowledge can contain the following types of information: about objects, events, properties of objects, about mathematical and other dependencies. Procedural knowledge - describe the sequence of actions to perform a specific task, that is, give instructions. Such information most often provides the opportunity to find answers to various questions, for example, "How to cook porridge?" or "How to sew a skirt?".
The second classification divides all the information according to the methods of its perception, because most of the new facts and phenomena we know through the senses. Modern scientists have calculated that more than 80% of information a person receives through vision, 10% from hearing, 4% from smell, 3% from taste, 2% from touch. But at the same time, one should not forget that each person is an individuality, which means that the visual channel will be much better developed for artists, and for musicians it will be more effective to work on the perception of the auditory channel.
The classification of information security tools also uses sorting by the way data is presented. Based on this, the following groups are distinguished: textual, numerical, graphic, video and sound information.
The fourth classification of information divides the object of research depending on its social significance. Thus, the information may be public, special and personal. In turn, the public is divided into ordinary, socio-political, popular science, news, aesthetic. Special information also has its subspecies: production, management, technical and scientific. Personal information may be defined as knowledge, intuition, skills.
Like any other category, information can be characterized in terms of its basic properties:
1. Completeness (sufficiency). Is the data obtained sufficient to understand the situation and make a certain decision.
2. Objectivity. Information should not depend on anyone's opinion, judgment or influence of other external factors. For example, the judgment “this flower is called chamomile” is objective, and “this flower is very beautiful” is subjective, because it reflects a person’s attitude to this subject.
3. Understandability. The data obtained should be understandable to the person for whom it is intended. After all, if you send the contract to your Russian partner in Chinese for signing, he will not be able to understand the essence and the document will become useless for him.
4. Reliability. Information must necessarily reflect the true state of affairs in order to help in making a decision.
5. Relevance. Data should be consistent with the present state of affairs and be valuable to its recipient.
6. Usefulness. Information is useful if it is possible to use it to achieve certain goals.
Classification of information, its proper further use can help to achieve success in any undertaking, because the most important thing is to be able to use what you have.