What is called a predicate? What types of predicates are there in Russian? What is the grammatical basis and how to find it in a sentence? What questions does the predicate and subject answer? It is these topics that have been learned by children little by little over the course of their school years. And this is not at all surprising, because the topic is deep and has many pitfalls.
Grammar
So how do you recognize the basis of a sentence? First you need to understand the definition of the grammatical basis. In fact, this is the main part of any proposal, which defines the subject, its action and what it is. Namely, this subject and predicate. At school, it is permissible to consider them a phrase, but if you dig deeper, then in linguistics this is not entirely true. The questions of the subject and predicate are as follows:
- The subject is "who" or "what." It can be any object, person, animal, living and nonliving creature and pronoun, which in the sentence is used in the nominative case.
- The second part of the grammatical basis is the predicate. Answers the questions “what is he” or “who is he”, “what is he doing”, “what is the subject”, “what is happening to him”.
Examples of the main part of the proposal
For example, you can take a few simple sentences.
- "The boy (who?) Goes (what does? - here the predicate is a verb) home."
- "He is sad (what happens to the subject?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed in an adverb, namely the state of the main character.
- "He is small (what is the subject?)." What is said here is a short adjective.
- "Oleg is a student (who is he?)." In this example, the predicate is expressed by an animated noun.
- "Baikal is a large lake." An inanimate noun is used here, and the predicate answers the questions “what is it” or “what is it”.
Compound verb predicate
A simple predicate, or as it is also called a verb, can be expressed in any mood. It is always a verb, which is clear from its name. This predicate answers the questions posed at any time. Not always a simple predicate is expressed in one word, for example:
- "I will sing". “I will sing” is a simple predicate expressed by a verb in the form of a complex future tense.
- As if, as if, exactly, as if , used with a predicate, are model particles that are not distinguished by commas, as is the case with comparative unions.
- "She was going to the door when she suddenly stopped." Here "was" - the model part, denoting the action that began, but did not happen. Such parts are not marked with commas, in contrast to introductory words, such as happened and happens , which have the meaning of regular repetition of actions.
- In the case of phraseological unit as a predicate, in order to distinguish it from a composite type, the following should be remembered: the first is easy to replace with one word, but you cannot substitute "be" (in any form).
Compound nominal predicate
This type of predicate, in turn, is divided into subtypes: it can be verb, nominal or three-term. These parts of the sentence may consist of two or more words, which determine the type.
The main and auxiliary parts, which are expressed in words denoting an action, form a compound verb predicate. One of them is always used in an indefinite form, and the second is expressed by verbs denoting the beginning, continuation and end of the action. In this capacity, the words must, glad, can, ready, and others, which are short adjectives, are used. This part is also expressed in words denoting states that have the meaning of opportunity, desirability and necessity, as well as giving an emotional assessment of the action.
A noun predicate answers questions regarding the actions of the subject and can include a noun and an adjective in the nominative and instrumental cases, as well as the participle, numeral, adverb and pronoun, which are used together with auxiliary verbs.
A complex predicate is a combination of a verb and a nominal predicate.