In this article we will introduce you to the semantic particles. We will tell you why they serve, what role they fulfill. We give examples of sentences containing semantic particles. We consider various groups of particles, explain the meaning of each of them. Learn to distinguish them from homonymous and other words.
Introducing Particles
So, let's begin. A particle is a service part of speech, which can introduce emotional shades or serves to form special forms of a word. Particles do not change, are not members of the proposal. In Russian there are many particles. There are no clear requirements for remembering them. You must be able to see them in the text and distinguish them from other official parts of speech and homonymous words (for example, adverbs).
Particles and homonyms
Recall that homonyms are words that are the same in spelling and the same in sound, but different in meaning. Here are some simple examples: onions (weapons) and onions (plants), braids (cut grass) and braids (hair cuts), swords (plural from the word sword ) and swords (from the verb throw ).
It is important to learn to see particles in the text, to be able to distinguish them from other words. We give such examples.
Give him a drop of hope and he will do a lot for you.
In this context, the word come on is not a particle, but a form of the verb give.
Now let your boat down the river.
Here, too, the word " let" cannot be a particle; here, this word is a form of the verb " let".
The role of particles in the proposal
What are semantic particles for? To convey additional semantic meaning. Also, these semantic elements exist to express the relationship of the speaking subject, enhance his emotions, put the necessary accents in the sentence. We give examples of semantic elements.
- She arrived.
- Has she arrived?
- She is hardly coming.
- Has she just arrived?
The semantic elements in these sentences add shades, as can be seen from the above examples.
Particle groups and meaning
Such groups are distinguished: semantic particles that emphasize the emotionality of what was said (approximately, here), modal (well, yes) and shape-forming particles, which in turn are necessary for the formation of special forms of the word, can convey various grammatical meanings (albeit yes).
We pay special attention to semantic particles.
The meaning of semantic elements lies in the fact that they can indicate and strengthen the meaning of what has been said. They are divided into such groups:
- Index (here, here, so, this, in).
We give an example in the sentence.
- This is how we get the long-awaited result of our work.
- That is exactly what I wanted to say.
- This is the best day of my life.
- Give me that glass over there.
2. Highlighting and restrictive (only, only, only, only, simply). For instance:
- Only you can understand the course of my thoughts.
- Our trip was simply unforgettable.
- Just a slight touch complements the big picture.
3. Amplifying (even, even, even, simply, directly). Here are some examples.
- Just great news.
- Even a strong wind did not spoil my mood.
- For many more years I will be able to come to visit you.
4. Definitive and clarifying (namely, just, equal, almost). Here are some examples.
- These flowers were the most beautiful.
- Just this case was decisive.
- People respected Vasily for honesty.
5. Interrogative (really, perhaps, whether, eh).
- Is the result of your work unjustified?
- How can you be so irresponsible?
- How can you forget you?
- Is the mirror to blame if the face is crooked? (proverb).
6. Negative (not, not, not at all, far from, not at all).
- It was not at all necessary for me to write letters.
- Not the most negative examples are given by this work.
- They did not sit at their desks, but in frozen trenches.
7. Exclamation (what the, well, and how).
- How beautiful this world is!
- What a charm this music is!
- Well, you surprised me!
- What a miracle these tales are!
- How clean the air is!
8. With the meaning of doubt (hardly, hardly, supposedly).
- It is unlikely that we will go to rest in August.
- There is hardly enough fabric to cut a suit.
- It’s supposedly bad for you.
Difference of particles from other words. The ability to find them in the text. Examples
It is very important to be able to distinguish semantic elements from other parts of speech. To do this, remember that you cannot ask a question to them. This is their main difference from adverbs. But one should not exaggerate the meaning of semantic elements, just as one should not forget that excessive use of particles leads to clogging of speech, and most importantly, the loss of its semantic meaning.
So, we give examples of semantic particles in sentences.
He turned into an alley and went straight. We ask the question directly . Went (where?) Directly . Right - this is an adverb, since in this sentence this question can be posed.
This is some kind of miracle! In this sentence, the word cannot be directly posed, therefore, in this sentence we can directly refer the word directly to particles of amplifying value.
Here are some more examples.
Not all students memorize the material equally equally. We put the question by the way simply. Remember (how?) Is simple . In this sentence, the word is simply an adverb.
Now we will construct the sentence so that by the way it was simply impossible to pose a question.
It's just incredibly hard to remember new material.
In this sentence, the word simply acts as a semantic particle of amplifying meaning.
We give one more example. I spent only one hour on my homework. In this sentence, the word of everything is semantic.
Now we construct the sentence so that the word of everything becomes, for example, a pronoun. He was afraid of everything.