Fables usually make fun of our actions, to which we do not attach importance. And it turns out this is not insulting, but somehow kindly, with animals and plants. Since when reading the fable - first you see animals, and then imagine people, and only then you compare with yourself. It arose four thousand years ago, is a legacy of poetry, exists to this day.
History
A fable is a short narrative depicting, revealing a certain human flaw, for example, cowardice, greed, anger, hypocrisy. If at the end of the work the vice is written openly, then in this case it is called morality of the fable, instruction.
The difference between a fairy tale, which also teaches us good deeds, and a fable is as short and clear as possible. Often, it is not man who acts in it, but animals, thinking and acting like people. A fable is a short instructive story that is written in verse or prose. It has an allegorical form and exposes human vices.
Each author brings something of his own to the work. The brilliant fabulist Krylov wrote in Russia.
Biography
Ivan Andreevich was born in Moscow in a captain's family. In 1774, they moved to Tver, as the dad of the young writer resigned. After the death of her father, mother, who fell into poverty and earned money as a servant of wealthy people, begged the local authorities to take her son, who was only 9 years old, and who had received his home education, to work on rewriting important papers. He read a lot, as a result of self-education, Krylov began to be considered an extremely enlightened representative of that period.
Fable genre in the work of Krylov
He composed his first work when he was 11. The books were scattered by the gigantic editions of those times, they were reprinted stably every 4 years. In the first meeting there were 20 fables, in the final - about 200.
The originality of Krylov's fables lies in the fact that he discovered not just human shortcomings, but directly those that a Russian person has. His characters are characteristic of his period.
Most fables tell about a specific real event from history, in particular, there are works about the war of 1812.
A characteristic feature of the poet’s fable style is the use of colloquial vocabulary. Offers of various lengths, which helps to show conversational speech.
Heroes of Krylov's fable
Even in childhood, we met with the near-by black and sly cheat from the poet’s fable called “Crow and Fox”. Searing words of a red fox for a long time are stored in memory. Why do such figures, falling into the soul almost from infancy, walk with us along the path of life?
Even during the life of Ivan Andreevich, his works were called fairy tales. And they asked for a new one, not only small ones, but also large ones. Everyone saw personal meaning in a fable: a child - a moralizing story, adults - a hidden irony. This was also helped by the writer’s preference to use the role of animal heroes who arrived in the work from fairy tales. What is magical about such images?
Characteristic
Even in childhood, from fairy tales, we are aware that the fox is cunning, the donkey is stubborn, the wolf is greedy and voracious, the bear is clumsy. Such images were formed by the people for many centuries, perfected from time to time, and eventually turned into concrete prototype characters.
The use of these types in the future for the image of not only a specific situation, but also of people instantly conveyed a clear assessment of the situation. It turns out that such images were made colorful and visual details for any fable. And just such types were taken by Krylov from folk tales that protected the precious experience of their ancestors.
Figures from fairy tales are noted by young readers. Animals and objects are a prism for understanding the text of the fables of the poet. The works contain images invented by Krylov himself. Like the restless (“Mirror and Monkey”) and inquisitive (“Monkey and Glasses”) monkey, the malicious snake (“Slander and the Snake”). They were formed by the writer according to the type of magic heroes, for which the most typical features were assigned, both in actions and in figurative assessment.
Such newly made animal prototypes, created in the same way as fantastic characters, and gained in the future spread among the people.
Both the types created by the author and the heroes from fairy tales possess one more "fairy-tale" sign: they instruct, but not a burden. The curious cases in which the animals find themselves, unobtrusively present the reader with a certain outlet. But he sometimes has a contradictory interpretation, this is due to those who read the fable. For example, in the work “Dragonfly and Ant” the child sympathizes with the fidget dragonfly and condemns the ruthless ant, while an adult scolds the frivolity of a dragonfly and understands the reaction of a working ant.
Take also the Frog and the Ox fable. Her morality is that envy is a negative feeling. It is necessary to soberly assess your own potential. A person must have justified ambitions, set possible goals for himself and achieve them. The heroes of Krylov’s fable are not negative.
Such inconsistency, made intentionally or accidentally, then helps to perceive ambiguously every life circumstance. This teaches a person to constantly and in everything find the back side of an object.
And the heroes of Krylov’s fables are infrequently bad. There are simply two antagonistic mores, and the truth remains controversial.
Popular works
Almost any fable of the poet is elementary and clear to a person of any age. She acts as a true moral lesson. The most famous works of this author include:
- "A Crow and a fox".
- "The Frog and the Ox."
- "Swan, cancer and pike."
- The fable "Tit".
- "Dragonfly and Ant."
Krylov put an individual secret meaning in his works, revealing questions of significance to a person about lies and hypocrisy, stupidity and obstinacy. The poet was inspired by a wide variety of incidents in society: the act of tsarist rule and the facts of the Patriotic War, pressure on serfs and policy innovations.
The magical images adopted by the author and created by him are clear in all ages to a wide circle of people. The heroes of Krylov’s fables were taken from his native language, national heritage, aphorisms and sayings.