The territory intended for development by the agricultural industry occupies 65% of the land of Tatarstan. For comparison: the territory accounts for 2.2% of the total area of the Russian Federation on which agriculture is conducted. By all indicators, Tatarstan confidently takes the third place among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, only the Krasnodar Territory and the Rostov Region are ahead of the republic.
Features of agriculture of the republic
In the agriculture of Tatarstan, 204.2 thousand people are employed.
The agricultural industry covers an area of 4.4 million hectares of land. 23% of them are pastures, and 77% are arable lands. To a greater extent, the village industry of the Republic of Tatarstan involved small farms with private land. They make up about 53% of the entire industry.
Business zones formed around cities with major traffic intersections. These are areas of the northwest, northeast and southeast of the republic. Mostly they concentrate agriculture, whose contribution to the republic's GDP reaches 60%.
The Republic of Tatarstan specializes in the cultivation of potatoes, sugar beets, grain crops, and in the production of eggs, milk and meat.
The climatic situation in the republic is moderately favorable for germination and harvesting of the main crops, but the cultivation of heat-loving plants is at risk. But over 10 years ago, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan introduced a moisture-saving package of measures that helped optimize the cultivation of such crops.
Crop production in Tatarstan
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan, 3% of agricultural land was allocated for growing vegetables ; sugar beet - 7%; forage crops (corn, grass, root crops) - 37%, and grain crops, such as winter and spring wheat, peas, oats, barley, allocated about 52% of the land. At the same time, the share of cultivated crops by state-owned lands is 87%, 86% of sugar beets, and the share of private farms in growing grain is about 13%.
Private farms grow 89% of all potatoes produced and 85% of other vegetables.
In the forest south taiga zone, spring wheat, barley, winter rye, oats, flax, and potatoes are mainly grown. The forest-steppe zone of Zakamye and the southern Pre-Volga region specializes in the cultivation of such crops as winter rye, spring and winter wheat, barley, buckwheat, millet, and sugar beets.
The growth dynamics of the gross harvest is positive, which is due not only to climatic factors, but also to the correct policy of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Livestock in the republic
Stable, confident development of agriculture in Tatarstan, and especially crop production, is the basis for effective livestock production in the republic. Its branches include poultry, pig and cattle breeding. Of the more rare areas of animal husbandry - animal husbandry, horse breeding, beekeeping, rabbit farming. Pork production accounts for 26.2%, beef - 51.3%, poultry meat - 17.4%.
Poultry farming in Tatarstan
Tatarstan's industrial poultry industry is one of the largest in the country. The industry employs over 1.8 million heads of chickens. A round-the-clock incubation workshop, a young plant, and a parent workshop operate, which allows enterprises to conduct cyclically closed production of industrial livestock, ensuring autonomy. Veterinary measures allow the production of high quality products that comply with state standards.
In addition to the production of live poultry, poultry farms produce eggs, including dietary eggs, egg powder, and semi-finished products from chicken meat. The costs are mainly spent on the purchase of feed. In order to reduce them and increase the productivity of poultry, protein-vitamin mineral supplements and premixes are widely used.
Pig farming in the agricultural sector
Pork production accounts for 18% of the country's total production. The following pig breeds are grown at enterprises:
- Large white is the most common breed. Refers to meat. The fertility of large whites is 12 piglets per litter. Upon reaching two months of age, piglets reach 25 kg, and at the age of six months - 100 kg.
- Kemerovskaya is a Siberian breed. Their average fecundity is 11 piglets. They reach 100 kilograms at the age of 180 days.
- Murom - meat breed. 100 kg gaining in 7 months.
- Urzhumskaya is a bacon breed. Climatically adapted. Such pigs can be raised in the northern regions. 100 kg reaches in 185 days.
- North Caucasian - meat-bearing. Also climate adapted. 100 kg in 6 months.
- Latvian white - meat breed. Also widespread in the country. 100 kg gaining in 200 days.
- Landras is one of the most popular bacon rocks.
- Duroc is a meat-bearing breed.
- Lacombe is a meat breed. Differs in very high fecundity.
- Breitovskaya is the youngest breed of pigs. It has a perfectly white fat.
Cattle breeding in the republic
Tatarstan's cattle breeding gives the region high ratings for the production of beef meat and milk in the Russian Federation. Cattle breeding indicators in the republic are relatively stable: over the past ten years they have remained practically immovable.
The total number of cattle ranks second throughout the Russian Federation. This is 1,034 thousand heads, which is 5.5% of the total number of cattle in the Russian Federation. The number of cows totals 366.5 thousand heads, which is 4.4% of their total number and occupies the third place.
Beef production totals 150.2 thousand tons in live weight. True, here over the past few years, production has fallen by almost 10%. Now the Republic of Tatarstan takes the 2nd place among all beef producers in the country. The total volume of beef production is 5.2%.
In agriculture in Tatarstan there are about 40 milk processing plants that produce dairy products, cheese, animal oils, powdered milk powder, whole milk substitutes, and milk sugar.
Technical equipment
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Tatarstan, two billion rubles are allocated each year from the republican budget for the purchase and repair of necessary equipment, and the park that is available today allows you to carry out field work on sowing and harvesting in the optimal time. The allocated funds allow reimbursing the agro-industrial complex up to 40% of equipment costs. Also, a leasing program has been introduced into the agricultural structure of Tatarstan.
The technical energy supply of the complex varies from 154 liters. from. per 100 hectares of land to a maximum value of 300-350 liters. from. This means that all technological processes are completed on time, which avoids losses in all areas of agriculture.
Organic economy of Tatarstan
The Ministry of Agriculture of Tatarstan is actively promoting organic farming technologies. This includes the rejection of the use of mineral fertilizers, antibiotics, growth regulators, hormonal drugs, genetically modified organisms, synthetic herbicides and insecticides. The purpose of the measures is the conservation of land and natural resources, the production of products that do not contain substances harmful to humans.
The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Tatarstan has initiated the development of a process of voluntary certification and registration in the organic farming program and has developed its own mark, which will allow consumers to purchase high-quality products, and producers to protect their business.
Quality control
In order for the agricultural products of Tatarstan to meet all the requirements, enterprises regularly conduct inspections to identify inappropriate products. Due to this, in recent years, the number of offenses in all areas of business and unused quarantine lands has been reduced. The Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tatarstan carries out its work in the field of product quality control at a high level. The measures are also aimed at preventing the introduction of quarantine weeds, pests and viral diseases both in the number of animals and in general vegetation.