From childhood, boys read fairy tales about heroes, about their exploits and strength. Growing up and becoming young men, many of them with the help of sports develop physically, become real defenders of loved ones and their homeland. Note that among the whole variety of types and directions of sports, there is one that has emerged from heroic pleasures, this is weightlifting. Since the 80s of the last century, women began to actively show interest in him. Probably not in vain, after all, the famous poet told about the ability of the fair sex to stop a horse galloping ...
The origins of weightlifting
Oddly enough, weightlifting is a relatively young sport. And he was born from booths. In the XIX century, circus athletes were popular in Russia, Europe and America, to the delight of the public demonstrating their phenomenal strength abilities. At the same time, we note that in no state there were as many strong men as in the Russian Empire.
The phenomenal strongman Alexander Zass (Russian Samon, as he was called) with a personal weight of 80 kg lifted the structure three times, four times its size. During World War I, an interesting incident happened to him. Alexander Ivanovich served in regimental intelligence. When a horse was wounded under him, 500 meters before the line of the Russian trenches, the “Russian Samson” did not abandon him, but, putting him on his back, rushed (!) To a safe place.
Ivan Zaikin paced the circus arena with a 25-pound anchor on his shoulder, which barely carried out a dozen assistants. Pyotr Krylov in the circus arena raised his horse with the rider and carried them. No less impressive is the power trick of yet another Russian athlete, Yakuba Chekhosky: on an outstretched arm, he carried 6 members of the Guards Regiment along the perimeter of the circus arena.
Weightlifting in the Russian Empire
Nevertheless, there is a very definite answer to the question: “When was Russian weightlifting born as a sport?” They consider her birthday to be 10.08.1885. On this day, V.F. Kraevsky organized the St. Petersburg "Weightlifting Club". A doctor and teacher, he developed the world's most progressive training system for compatriots. Therefore, Russian athletes were principled opponents for the Germans and Austrians, who, in fact, are the founders of this sport.
07/01/1898, the very first world weightlifting championship opened. The venue was the Prater public square in Vienna. Competitors in the performance of 14 exercises were not divided by weight categories. The Russian hero Georg Gakkenshmidt in weight lifting took third place on it, but he was the leader in wrestling. However, throughout the 19th century, weightlifting developed somewhat messy: the competition system slowly evolved, there was not enough organization. In Russia, and throughout the world, a new sport developed thanks to patrons such as Count Alexander Ivanovich Ribopier. According to historians, Ivan Vladimirovich Lebedev (the legendary Uncle Vanya) holds the lead in creating the Russian weightlifting school.
However, at the beginning of the 20th century, weightlifters made attempts to create their own federation. The All-Russian Congress of Weightlifters, held in 1913, was evidence of popularity. In the same year, a similar international congress took place, at which the athletes approved the name of the young sport - “weightlifting”, the first organizational steps were taken ... However, the construction process was interrupted by the First World War.
Soviet stage of development of weightlifting
It was only in 1820 that the International Weightlifting Federation IWF was founded. Note that at that time, in the 1920s, Russian athletes owned half the records in this sport (25 out of 50). By the way, it was at this time that the bar became the only sports equipment of a weightlifter. It is standardized, transformed from sand-filled to collapsible, takes on a modern shape.
After World War II, Soviet athletes joined the aforementioned federation, enriching the world of weightlifting with many talented athletes. The first champion from the Country of Soviets in 1946 at the World Championships in Paris was Grigory Irmovich Novak, a resident of Moscow.
And in the second half of the 20th century, weightlifting progress was closely associated with the names of Soviet athletes. In the 60s, the sports glory of Yuri Petrovich Vlasov, Leonid Ivanovich Zhabotinsky rang in the world, and in the 70s - Vasily Ivanovich Alekseev. The Soviet weightlifting team twenty times achieved a team victory at the world championships. And her triumph on the European platform was even more convincing - 28 victories! Weightlifting developed dynamically in the USSR, being popular among the people. Bard Vladimir Vysotsky, for example, dedicated the song “Weightlifter” to V. Alekseev, two-time Olympic champion, eight-time world champion. The memory of this outstanding athlete is also still an unsurpassed result of 645 kg in the sum of three exercises (he will remain a record, since the IWF is now practicing biathlon in the championships).
If we talk about the statistics of success of Soviet weightlifters, then it is worth mentioning the total number of medals won by Soviet athletes - 632.
Women's Weightlifting
The rapid development of women's weightlifting began in 1983, when the first official competitions were held. Since 1987, the corresponding women's world championships have been held. In 1995, the first junior girls competed. The logical step on the part of the International Olympic Committee was the recognition of women's weightlifting as an Olympic sport in 2000.
It is no secret that women's weightlifting in Russia currently occupies a leading position in the international arena, while competing with Turkish and Chinese schools. Her formation is associated with the names of Khabirova, Mananova, Kasimova. Currently, the baton of further development of sports has been intercepted by Tsarukaev, Slivenko, Shainov, Kasaev, Zabolotnaya.
According to statistics, every year the Russian team wins from 20 to 25 medals at the world and European championships. And women also make a significant contribution to the coin box.
Weightlifting. Regulations
What is the general regulation of modern weightlifting competitions? Existing sports qualification standards are approved by the Ministry of Sports of Russia in Order 759 of July 21, 2010.
Athletes compete in weight classes. As of 1998, the current weight categories for men were adopted: up to 56.0 kg, up to 62.0 kg, up to 69.0 kg, up to 77.0 kg, up to 85.0 kg, up to 94.0 kg, up to 105.0 kg and more than 105.0 kg. Seven weight categories are relevant for women's weightlifting: up to 48.0 kg, up to 53.0 kg, up to 58.0 kg, up to 63.0 kg, up to 69.0 kg, up to 75.0 kg, over 75.0 kg .
Age groups
Participants compete also taking into account age groups :
- up to 14 years - younger youthful age;
- up to 16 years - average youthful age;
- up to 18 years - senior youthful age;
- juniors - up to 20 years old;
- adults over 20 years old.
The highest qualification of an athlete is the sports title of master of sports of international class. He is assigned from the age of 16. A man (woman) who meets the standards (see tables 1 and 2 and has reached (reached) 15 years of age) can become a master of sports.
Regulations
Consider the current system of qualification standards in weightlifting.
Table 1. Weightlifting. Standards for men (boys)
Table 2. Qualifications for Weightlifting for Women
Barbell
Telling about this sport, you should definitely pay attention to its main sports equipment.
Obviously, modern heroic competitions suggest rods not arbitrary, but with standardized parameters. Through the efforts of coaches and athletes, weightlifting has developed unified approaches to the design of the bar, moreover, several specific ones, separate for men and women.
Men's Olympic barbell has the following parameters: neck diameter - 2.8 cm, length - 220 cm, weight - 20 kg. The Olympic barbell for women is somewhat different from the male. Its neck is shorter (205 cm), weight - 15 kg, diameter 2.5 cm.
Weights from the best manufacturers use weightlifting. The standards for its manufacture assume the main material - high-quality steel coated with chrome.
Bar discs
Rubberized dials of large weights have a diameter of 51 cm. Depending on the weight, it is customary to paint them in certain colors: 25 kg - red, 20 kg - blue, 15 kg - yellow. Smaller diameters have 10-pound discs, they are painted green. There are also small discs - from 0.25 to 5 kg. The bar neck at the edges is equipped with special landing bushings on which the disks are worn. Then they are attached with special locks. The weight of the standard lock is 2.5 kg.
How are competitions held?
How is the world weightlifting championship? We briefly describe the theory.
Weightlifting competitions are personal, team and mixed. The mixed system hosts the weightlifting championship. The scope of this international sporting event is truly impressive.
We give an example. Most recently, at the end of June this year, the World Junior Championship was held at the Sports Palace of the city of Kazan. The organization was engaged in the Weightlifting Federation and the city authorities of the capital of Tatarstan. 300 athletes from 53 countries competed. 15 sets of medals were played. The national team of Russia in stubborn sports wrestling was ahead of other participating teams in the number of medals obtained. Six gold, one silver and two bronze medals were won by Russian weightlifting. World champion Anthony Savchuk received the "gold" for winning the most prestigious weight category - 105 kg. Interestingly, among the girls, Russians also won in the heaviest weight category - over 75 kg. The medal of the highest standard was won by Larisa Kobeleva.
Competition Rules
Technically, everything happens according to well-known weightlifting canons. The organization conducting the competition (most often the federation) develops a separate provision for it. The subject of the competition is the Olympic all-around, which includes two exercises: jerk and push.
Advance (at least one day) before the competition, applications for participation in teams and athletes are submitted. Participant cards are filled out . Competitors compete among themselves in the weight groups. With a large number of them in the weight group, they are divided into subgroups: A, B, C, etc., in accordance with the rating of athletes (that is, their indicators.) When applying for each athlete, the individual number of the participant in the competition is determined.
During the draw, the order of weighing and calling the participants is determined. In this way weightlifting formalizes the competition. A championship or other international competition involves an organizational beginning - the selection by each team of its representatives participating in the draw, when weighing. Representatives of teams during the competition are located on special benches. They are responsible for discipline in the team.
Each weight category (subgroup) competes for one day. First, the athlete performs a jerk, then a push. Three attempts are provided for each exercise.
Conclusion
It should be recognized that in the modern world weightlifting (2014 confirms this) does not lose its attractiveness for thousands of guys and girls of Russia. Many do it at an amateur level. The main coordinator of its development is the Russian Weightlifting Federation.
She is developing a program for the development of this sport, compiling a list of the national team, formulating regulations on federal competitions. Highly qualified athletes are in constant work, because every year the federation organizes 5-6 competitions of the all-Russian level. However, the development of this sport is negatively affected by the lack of a permanent sponsor and the lack of a systematic approach to managing processes on the ground.