To obtain a large and high-quality crop, it is necessary to take care of the competent cultivation of the fertile layer of the earth. To achieve this goal, disk cultivators, which belong to one of the most popular types of agricultural equipment, can be of significant help.
Destination
Shelling - processing of the surface layers of the earth with a complete or partial upheaval of its deep layers.
A similar process allows you to solve several problems at once:
- Destruction of weeds and nests of pests, insects.
- The incorporation of plant residues into the soil, which enriches it.
- Reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface due to the appearance of small layers of earth.
The use of hullers found their place in many stages of cultivation of cultivated plants. They carry out pre-arable tillage, which greatly simplifies the cultivation process. They are launched even after passing disk and plow-share plows to break the largest lumps of soil cover.
Hardware Description
On the agricultural market, two types of such equipment are presented - disk and plow cultivators. The second type is practically no different from plows of the same category, with the exception of the depth of penetration into the ground and the area covered during processing.
Disk equipment has a fundamentally different structure. In general, their design can be represented by two frames connected at a certain angle and resting on the support wheels. At the edges of each system, carriages are installed that support the cantilever bars of the unit.
Directly the working body is a concave disc with well-sharpened edges. It is located at an angle of 20-35 degrees with respect to the direction of equipment movement (angle of attack). Several cutting elements are combined in one section - a battery that is hung and rigidly fastened to the frame. One cultivator usually includes 4 or more batteries.
Principle of operation
Before starting treatment, the disk cultivators are set up and carried out in the working position. As they move, the disks, under the weight of the structure, cut into the soil cover and lift it to the inner concave surface. Moving along it, the soil crumbles into small clods, partially turns over, and then falls and is diverted to the side.
Before proceeding with the processing of the
earth's surface, it is necessary to make sure that the geometry of the unit meets the operating conditions. To do this, the mechanism is installed on a flat platform and see that all disks touch the surface.
If there is a gap between some cutting edges and the earth’s firmness, then check their radius. With large deviations from the nominal parameters (± 5 mm), the disk is changed. Otherwise, they inspect and conduct in accordance with the frame structure.
Adjustment of disk cultivators
How deep the disk cultivators penetrate the soil depends on the angle of attack. Therefore, the main adjustment is to adjust the optimal inclination of the cutting elements in the direction of travel.
To do this, change the length of the rods between the bars and the frame. The angle of attack is set in accordance with the type of cultivated soil:
- For hard dry soils, it is about 35 degrees.
- For a fertile layer of low density - 25-30.
- For harrowing or breaking clods, the angle should be 15-25 degrees.
The depth of penetration into the soil can be adjusted and the installation of ballast. Everything is simple here: the larger the mass of the unit, the deeper the cutting elements penetrate the soil. During processing, it is necessary to monitor the strictly horizontal arrangement of the batteries.
Advantages of disk cultivators
The stubble disk cultivator owes its advantages to the original design, which, unlike ploughshare units:
- It processes the earth’s ground at any humidity and in any weather conditions.
- Saves fuel by reducing friction while driving.
- Endows cutting elements with self-cleaning ability.
- Significantly reduces the risk of damage to disks - if obstacles arise, they simply roll through them.
- Provides the same penetration depth into the soil throughout the site.
Using disk equipment, it is possible to reduce the time of field work and the number of soil treatment operations by several times by combining several operations in one process.
But such advantages are achieved only with the use of traction machines of sufficient power. The standard thrust is 1.4 tons - it is enough to fully utilize the disk cultivator. MTZ equipment (tractors) is most often used as part of a processing complex.
Disk cultivator LDG
One of the types of aggregates in demand in the agricultural sector of our country is the disk cultivator LDG 10, 10A and 15, which have some differences in design and technical characteristics.
Their design has no fundamental differences from the above scheme. The only exception is the presence of an overlapping disk battery, which is located in the alignment of two frames and processes areas not covered by other sections.
A feature that is endowed with the LDH 10 disk cultivator is its high maneuverability, which makes it possible to cultivate hard-to-reach areas of the field. The advantages of the mechanism include mobility - the device is easily and quickly brought into working position by hydraulic cylinders.
The LDG 15 device has a reinforced structure and a larger mass, which allows it to be used for work on a compacted soil massif with a different composition, for breaking down sod layers of the soil, and crushing crop residues.
Harrow-hoe cultivators "Ducat"
The mechanisms of Ukrainian production Dukat are also very successful. Due to the specific device, they are often called tiller harrows, which is fully confirmed by their functionality.
"Ducat" is used for
processing fields with a large number of plant residues. Passing on the earth's surface, he evenly distributes them in the soil, creates a nutrient basis for cultivated plants. Most often, the Dukat disk cultivator is used for:
- soil cultivation before sowing grain, industrial and forage crops;
- destruction of weeds;
- cultivating steamed fields for winter plants;
- improving the quality of meadows, pastures, grazing areas.
In connection with the more active introduction of herbicides to accelerate plant growth, lacquering equipment has recently been used not for field preparation, but for embedding crop residues “saturated” with pesticides in the soil cover. At the same time, it is important that the depth is at least 10-15 cm, for which the Ducat devices are designed.
Cost of disk cultivators
The price of disk cultivators depends on several factors. The first of these is the implemented design. Some models are equipped with spring racks that support batteries, as well as other elements that significantly increase the life of the units. Obviously, such mechanisms will cost more.
On average, prices for disk cultivators for MTZ 80 begin to rise from 389 thousand rubles. The maximum cost was observed in Ufa and Kazan. Here it amounted to about 800 thousand rubles. But here the products are offered by a large manufacturer - MTZ Trading House.