A particle is an auxiliary part of speech. You cannot raise a question for her. As a rule, it does not play an independent syntactic role in the sentence. Particles in the Russian language are designed to give a variety of additional shades to words or even whole sentences. The second role of particles is word formation, with their help forms of words are formed.
For instance:
1. He only needs you .
The particle only enhances the meaning of the pronoun you in the sentence.
2. Let it be as you want.
With the help of a particle, let the imperative mood of the verb be formed: let it be .
Although particles in the Russian language are not members of a sentence, they are inextricably included in its composition. For instance:
1. No wind rustles outside the window and no rain.
Particles are needed:
1) when creating verb forms of the verb :
- imperative ( yes, let, let, come on) : let him try ;
- conditional ( would b) : would sit down, tell ;
2) in the formation of adverbs and adjectives, the degrees of their comparison - less, more, more . For example: more important , less interesting , boldest , more powerful , less bright ;
3) when creating pronouns of an indefinite rank: something, something, something, either . For example: something, someone , someone , someone , etc.
The role of such particles is close to the role of morphemes.
Particle values
Particles in the Russian language give a sentence as a whole or a single word different shades.
Are the particles really, perhaps, (inter) - interrogative. Often they are used in matters. For example: Have you really forgiven? Is there anything more interesting?
Exclamation particles what kind, how they convey indignation, surprise, delight. For example: How wide the world is! What a charm!
Enhancing particles ( after all, even, after all, all the same) are used if you need to strengthen a single word. For example: Don’t even think! Still great! It ’s his own fault!
Negative particles in the Russian language are neither and nor . They approach denial in different ways. The particle does not make negative both the word and the whole sentence:
1. Do not be this! Negative whole sentence.
2. Not the wind broke the branch. The only negative word is wind.
If there are two particles not in the sentence, instead of a negative, they create a positive value: I can not but agree with you!
None is a particle called to strengthen the meaning of negation, especially if there is already a negation in the sentence or the particle is not . For example: Not a drop fell from the sky. In the forest there is no mushroom, no berries.
Modal particles in the Russian language are those that are associated with the expression of shades of meaning, attitude or feeling. This group includes the aforementioned categories and some others. Non-modal particles, not related to the expression of feelings, were assigned by Vinogradov to the category of semantic ones.
This discharge of particles includes:
- a group of definitively clarifying, such as exactly, exactly, simply , etc. For example: this is exactly the same.
- A group of excretory-restrictive particles - only, only, exclusively , etc. For example: only this, exclusively white .
- Particles are indicative here, out there , which seem to indicate an object worthy of attention. For example: Here is the road!
All particles in the Russian language perform a grammatical, lexical and word-building function. With skillful use, they can enrich our speech, make it more colorful and diverse.