Phraseologisms are ...

Phraseologisms are ... It would seem that this is the correct beginning of the article on phraseology. I will not argue, but still I want to not just quote the main points and once again retell the theory, but look at this issue in a different way, at least for a start. Therefore, I will start with the unusual. What is a word? To this question, any average student will answer this way: "A word is a noun of the middle gender, 2nd declension, inanimate." Stop, stop, stop. A new question begs. Yes, indeed, it is inanimate - in other words, a soulless creature that does not breathe does not live. But how then is it possible for a particular word to penetrate deeply, inspire or, conversely, destroy expectations, kill, live and die. Why does one word exist and another lives and breathes? How to revive a word? How to breathe life into it? I think phraseologisms can give answers ...

In linguistics, there is a whole section that deals with the study of phraseological units or phraseological turns - phraseology. Therefore, one can only imagine how deep this phenomenon is in its essence and wide in application. So, science offers us the following interpretation: phraseologism is a stable phrase, a turn consisting of several words, the general meaning of which does not correspond to the meanings of the words-components included in it (the phrase "go into circulation" - stop the activity in which the meanings of the words "exit" and "circulation" do not correlate with the general meaning). And now let's look at everything in order. All phraseological units have the following set of characteristic features:

• integral and constant in composition (the “nail of the program” turnover cannot be redone and say “nail” or “screw of the program”);
• single meaning ("fiery hell" - hell, "goal like a falcon" - poverty);
• during parsing, they are one member of the sentence (“warm the soul” - the predicate, “Augean stables” - the subject);
• one or more values ​​("reach the point" - 1) finish the job; 2) come into any state);
• act as units of the name ("house of tolerance", "pansies", "yellow press");
• express an assessment ("like two drops of water", "after the sleeves").

Returning to the above, one conclusion can be drawn. Phraseologisms are living words, both literally and figuratively. When and who breathed life into them? The answer is simple and obvious - the human soul. Only she is able to create. Only she is able to create the eternal. In a simple word, consisting of a set of letters and sounds, it is impossible to convey what is happening in the human soul, those states, those feelings, those emotions and sensations. A simple word only states a fact: for example, “to be rich” - a person is the owner of a lot of money, and that’s all that can be learned. Now let's compare it with the expression "swim in gold." Feel the difference? It clearly conveys that person’s internal state when he has many material wealth. Here is delight, and bliss, and some impossible happiness.

How does this revitalization process take place? Hard to say. We can only guess. Many phraseological units were born from songs, fairy tales, legends, annals and parables: "milk rivers, the jelly banks", "beat the bacilli", "to the kudykina gora". They reflect the history of the people, traditions, customs, culture: "slandered", "Mamai passed," "scraps from the master's table," "rolled up his sleeves."

Stable expressions include aphorisms, talented finds of writers, and spectacular quotes from famous people. Some turnovers came in the process of borrowing from other languages ​​and cultures, from the Bible, based on vivid images of Greco-Roman myths, etc.: "Sisyphus labor", "alter ego", "Augean stables", "manna from heaven."

Like all living things, some phraseological units become obsolete and die, new ones come in their place - "get a residence permit" - get a right to exist; "Pavlik Morozov" - a traitor, little Judas; "shock therapy"; "shadow economy". In this endless world of phraseological units it is easy to get confused, especially for those who study foreign languages. It is important to remember that phraseological phrases cannot be translated literally. And the rest - the Phraseological Dictionary, which gives an explanation of 20 thousand expressions, can become the main assistant.

And finally, someone may ask: “Why do we need phraseologisms? Why complicate the speech and burden the texts with bulky phrases that can actually be replaced with one word?” To this question I have a counter: "Why do we need spices, spices, seasonings? After all, it is enough to chop, fry, cook - and the dish is ready." However, with the help of fragrant spices and hot seasonings, the preparation of each dish turns into a real art, when the familiar becomes unique. Phraseologisms are the same spices that can fill the text with inexpressible aromas and give it a special taste.