It so happened that in the modern world the concepts of native and national language are mixed. Between them is almost an equal sign, which, in fact, is completely wrong.
The difference between the national and native language
For example, consider the following situation: a person from Russia emigrated to the United States and eventually acquired citizenship. From now on, his national language is English. Does this make him native? Of course not.
Wherever a person is, his family will only have that set of tokens on which he thinks, which he literally absorbed with his mother’s milk.
The concept of national language
There are other difficulties in this matter. For example, many linguists equate it with the official language of the country, which is not always legitimate. By and large, the national language is a certain language of the people, which may not coincide with the language of documentation of a country.
A typical example is the languages of Indians living in America on reservations. The official language for them will be considered English, but this does not negate the fact that for these groups there is their own national language.
Another example is the eastern part of Ukraine, which for the most part consists of Russian immigrants. At the legislative level, Ukrainian is considered official for them. Almost the entire population of this territory is fluent in it, however, the national language for them is Russian.
Communication with the literature
The identification of the national language with the literary is considered to be another cornerstone in this matter. Of course, it will be fundamentally wrong, since these phenomena are very original and exist, although in connection with each other, but rather in a situation of interaction rather than coincidence.
Do not forget that language is, first of all, a system of signs. This applies to any of its manifestations, whether it is an adverb, a dialect or a literary language. All of them form a series of systems, the elements of which may coincide, or may differ radically.
Thus, words related to the literary language can also refer to the national language, while the reverse situation is simply impossible.
great and powerful
As mentioned earlier, the national Russian language does not have to act exclusively on the territory of Russia. In this case, the determining factor is not the legislation, but the mentality of the people, their self-determination and attitude.
By and large, a person comprehends the environment through the prism of language. Certain tokens evoke in our minds associations with a specific image, which, in turn, is associated with one or another reality. The national language in this case plays an extremely important role, since it determines the community of concepts that are recognized by representatives of the same people. So, accordingly, the national Russian language gives each of its speakers a specific, different from any other picture of the world and being as a whole.
Russian people
A little earlier, an example was given of Indians living in the United States, but retaining their own national language. Someone may say that the situation is exactly the same in Russia, where a huge number of nationalities live, and the remark will, in essence, be legitimate.
In this case, the key issue is the self-determination of these nationalities - they all attribute themselves to the Russians to one degree or another. Thus, it can be argued that for a certain part, the national language, the state language, and Russian are identical phenomena.
Forms of existence
It is quite natural that such a broad, almost comprehensive concept, as the language of the people, simply cannot be limited to any particular framework. Earlier it was said that literary language is an adjacent concept that enters into interaction, but is not identical. Everything is far from as simple as it seems at first glance.
The national language, the forms of existence of which can be very different, is practically unlimited with respect to the formation of word forms and the scope of use. Literary is the pinnacle of the language of the people. This is the most normalized, filigree part of it.
Nevertheless, there are other spheres of existence, which simply can not be abandoned. Millions of philologists around the world are constantly studying the national language, forms of existence and its development.
For example, one of these forms can easily be called territorial dialects, which have nothing to do with the literary language. Dialectisms in this case can be very different: lexical, syntactic and even phonetic, which should be understood as the difference in pronunciation of words.
One more full-fledged form of the existence of the national language can safely be called urban colloquies. They can be expressed both in the incorrect formation of declination paradigms, and in the banal arrangement of stresses. In addition, the misuse of the genus category can be called a common occurrence in this case. This also includes the so-called “lodges” so common today instead of “luggage”.
Finally, professional and social-group jargons easily fit into the concept of a national language.
Ways of becoming
Of course, such a complex, multi-level system simply cannot arise from scratch. English national language, acting not only in Great Britain, but also in the USA, Canada, like any other, and even more so Russian, became such gradually.
In our case, the process of formation began in the XVII century, when our Russian nation was finally formed .
The process of language development is going on absolutely continuously, every day more and more words appear in it that eventually enter the lexical system completely and no longer cause misunderstanding or surprise. For example, today no one can be surprised with words like “school”, “audience” or “lawyer” - the meaning of each is completely obvious. Moreover, the tokens seem to us primordially Russian, while initially they were the property of Latin.
The process of formation and development of the national language is inextricably linked with the people themselves, who create, supplement and enrich it day by day. Some words gradually go out of use, being replaced by others, or are completely forgotten due to the lack of realities that mean.
Over time, the stress in a word can change, and even its semantics - from adjacent to opposite. Nevertheless, the national language of the Russian people always remains such, uniting in itself the very soul - common to all, single and inseparable. It not only allows us to see the world in our own way, but also creates it for us all.