Each production consists of sequential purposeful actions, which are called "technological processes". Any stage of the production process can be called a technological element or operation.
What is a process?
The technological process is part of the production process of something at a certain stage of change and improvement of a given product or workpiece. The stages of product manufacturing can, in turn, also be subdivided into separate stages of activity. As a rule, single technological processes are characterized by their implementation by one employee at a separate workplace. From such links or operations of phased production of the product, a complete production cycle is assembled. Between operations, the part goes through intermediate transitions, which, together with the technological stage, are a completed part of the production process. The stage of production is considered separately allocated even on the basis of the used tools and equipment of this technological cycle. They must be unchanged. This can be a change in the size or shape of the workpiece, the connection of several parts, a change in the structure of the starting material, material properties, movement of the workpiece.
Technological processes, based on GOST 3.1109–82, can be divided into several categories:
- Typical.
- Promising.
- Route
- Operating
- Routing and operational.
- Temporary.
- Standard.
- Design.
- Workers
- Single.
Process development
Processes are developed at the initial stage of production. To do this, drawings of the future product and individual parts are made. This is a design process.
Then the sequence of phased execution of technological operations (route-operational process) is determined. For example, if we need to perform machining of a workpiece, then in order to achieve the most complete rationality, a processing plan is developed. It indicates the sequence of surface treatment, accuracy, relative position of parts and methods. Then the workflow begins. It can be divided into separate technological operations.
For example, at the first stage, individual elements are manufactured by casting, forging, stamping or rolling. Then they are processed on metal cutting machines. As a result, the output is parts with a specific shape and size according to the drawings. The next stage of production is the assembly of elements, mechanisms and components. Finally, the assembly operation of the entire product is performed. The next steps will be technological processes. according to his testing and fitting, then - on finishing and painting the product. All phased operations after their completion pass control over the quality and compliance with technical standards.
The development of the technological process provides for its three types.
- A single process involving the manufacture of typical products of the same name.
- A typical process used in the production of a group of parts with the same technological and design features.
- The group process used in the manufacture of a product with different design features, but with common technological capabilities.
The design of production processes is done in order to ensure better production of the future product. Technological operations should be aimed at increasing labor productivity and product quality, as well as reducing costs, expanding the mechanization and automation of production stages and improving working conditions. The manufacture or repair of the product must be safe for workers.