There are a large number of building materials. One of the main is wood. Almost no construction is complete without lumber. Often a tree serves as the basis for the construction of cottages, villas and residential buildings. For the mass production of lumber, various mechanisms are used, but most often they resort to a multi-saw machine for wood.
Purpose and characteristics
Multisaw woodworking machines are devices that are used for the production of lumber, and in addition, they have the ability to milling and cutting.
Such equipment is used both in large industries and in small workshops.
The main technical parameters of the machines are as follows:
- the maximum allowable dimensions of the material for processing;
- the number of saws indicates the number of boards that can be obtained in one run;
- weight;
- saw diameter indicates possible cut depth;
- power;
- the maximum distance between the saws gives information about the total width of the processed material;
- material processing speed;
- dimensions of the machine;
- material feed rate indicates the level of equipment performance.
Varieties of machine tools
All multisaw machines can be divided into three types:
- Frame saws. In everyday life, such machines are called "frame saw." Apply it in order to cut the beam into several boards. The principle of operation is similar to the work of a sawmill: a cutting tool, which is fixed in a saw frame, saws the incoming material. In this case, the frame makes reciprocating movements.
- Scantling machines. Used to produce a longitudinal cut of large logs.
- Disk machines (circular saws). They are used to obtain high quality edged workpieces. It differs from frame saws with a more accurate and high-quality cut. The cutting element of such a device is circular saws.
In a separate category should be attributed the so-called mini-saws. With their small size, machines are characterized by high quality work and lower cash costs.
Differences between machine tools
In modern production, three types of machines are used:
- single shaft devices;
- twin-shaft multi-saw machines;
- multi-saws with the ability to adjust the width of the cut.
They differ in the way the material is fed - roller or tracked. It is worth noting that the second type of equipment feeds the workpiece more smoothly.
They also differ:
- Tall cutting. In the case of a two-roll machine, the source can be as high as possible. There are up to 12 saws on each axis, so the cut occurs simultaneously both from above and from below with different discs, which makes the cut depth greater.
- Width of the workpiece. It is important to consider what kind of material will be processed. For example, for a centuries-old pine, the widest possible machine is needed. For smaller workpieces, correspondingly, a smaller width is needed. It is worth saying that the difference in the cost of such machines will fluctuate within a few tens of thousands of rubles. Which, incidentally, will affect the price of edged boards.
Construction of multi-saw machines
Of course, there are differences between the mechanisms, but there are a number of basic details. Wood sawing machines have the following main parts:
- Bed. This includes all elements of the mechanism. May also include a lumber supply line.
- Engine. Thanks to him, the saws during the processing of the material perform rotational and reciprocating movements. In addition, it starts the work of the workpiece feed unit.
- Cutting element. It includes one or two shafts on which circular saws for multisaw machines are mounted. They can be in two planes - horizontal and vertical.
- The mechanism feeding the workpiece. The power of a node depends on its size: the larger it is, the more powerful the device. The uniformity of transportation of the workpiece, as well as the accuracy and evenness of the cut, depend on this mechanism.
The advantages of multi-saws
Multisaw machines have several important advantages that affect the quality of work in mass production. The advantages of wood sawing machines are as follows:
- High level of performance. Increased wear resistance and the ability to withstand heavy loads allows you to maintain a stable volume of finished products.
- The processing speed of the workpieces is high enough, which is important for continuous production.
- Circular saws have an increased level of reliability. This reduces production costs.
- Sawing accuracy not only reduces costs, but also guarantees the absence of rejects. In addition, the excellent geometry of the resulting product allows you to practically do without additional processing.
The principle of operation of machines and their device
Multiple saws for wood are equipped with three pairs of shafts. At the same time, one pair is the receiving, and the other two are serving. Also, the machine has a special window. It is through it that the material is fed.
In addition, for protection, a claw plate is mounted on the material supply window. And on the other hand, where the finished bars come out, there is a special curtain. If necessary, aspiration can be connected if a separate output is provided for this.
The working process of a multi-saw disk machine is as follows: the material is securely fixed on top and bottom by rollers, then due to the rapid rotation of the cutting mechanism, it is cut into bars.
Rotation of circular saws reaches 2800 revolutions per minute. But at the same time, the feed rate of the wooden billet is about 40 m / min. The feed rate will depend on the type of equipment installed on the machine (tracked or roller).
Overview of popular models of multisaw machines
Perhaps the most affordable at the price will be the light multi-saw Vanguard RM-50. Its cost is approximately 460 thousand rubles. It belongs to frame machines and is ideally suited for small productions. The machine allows you to saw a bar with a height of up to 25 cm and a width of up to 40 cm. It has a power unit with a power of 15 kW, which allows you to process the workpiece at a speed of 1 m / min.
A more powerful machine (90 kW) is the TsM-200. It belongs to the industrial class. It has increased reliability, high wear resistance and the absence of vibrations during operation of the machine. The number of saws is 7 pieces, and the diameter of the saw blade is 63 cm. The feed rate of the material can be adjusted in the range of 6.3 ... 12 m / min.
An alternative to the previous machine can serve as a multi-saw CDK 5-3. It has five saws with a diameter of 31.5–40 cm. In this case, the feed speed is adjustable from 5 to 18 m / min.
For large-scale productions, the use of TsRM machines (150, 180, 200) is recommended. The difference lies in the power of the power unit and the maximum thickness of the possible processing of the workpiece. The TsRM-150 model has seven saws with a diameter of 50-60 cm. And the TsRM-180 and TsRM-200 models are equipped with 10 saws. The processing speed of any model is from 6 to 20 m / min.
How to choose multi-saws depending on requests
The scope of timber processing requires the selection of high-quality equipment that will be optimal for all the necessary parameters. First of all, before buying a machine, you should calculate in advance how much wood will need to be processed in one shift. This will allow you to choose a multi-saw machine for power.
It is important to consider the species of trees that will be processed. For example, oak and larch are quite hard, but pine, on the contrary, is soft. Depending on this, you should think about the configuration. That is, which disks you need to process a particular breed.
After cutting the workpiece in the production of small elements, trimming machines on wood are used to cut off the corner parts. And only then the details of a rounded or cylindrical shape are turned.
You also need to pay attention to how the saws will be sharpened. The best option is to purchase a special tool from the company that supplies the machines. You can also contact a special service center or buy new ones, but this is a more expensive option.
Finally
Multiple saws are an important part of lumber production. The quality and price of the edged board depend on the type of equipment, the number of saws, power and other important characteristics. In addition, equipment selected according to requests will optimize the production of parts.