Many students are interested in: what is the sacrament and participle, what is the difference between participial and participle turnover? Exercises to find separate definitions and circumstances are presented in the article. It also gives information about the forms of the verb.
Verb and special forms of the verb
The verb is the leading part of speech in the language, which reports on the processes and actions taking place around. Together with the noun, he is included in the grammatical basis of the sentence: The boy is swimming. The house is being built; and in verbal one-compound sentences independently makes up their predictive basis: I see! Take a look. Was late. They call him .
If you consider the sentences with the participle and participle turnover, you can notice that they contain several words that reflect the process - participles or participles. Both of them are verb forms, while the participle is similar to the adjective, as it has the same declension paradigm and answers the questions of adjectives: which? which one? and others, and the participle - with an adverb, since it is also an unchanging part of speech and answers the basic questions of adverbs: how? how?
The participles are formed from the stems of the verbs using the suffixes -ash -, - box -, - box -, box, - box, box, box, -n-, -nn-, -t-: screaming, looking, bearing, empty, living, walking, certain, indicated, sung. The participles - with the help of the suffixes -a-, -I-, -uchi, -uch-, -v-, -shi-, lice-: screaming, singing, effortlessly, going, looking, bringing, meeting.
For example: Grass overflowing the entire garden grew densely, preventing the cultivation of cultivated plants. This proposal presents four different verb forms: grew - the past tense verb, feminine, grow up - the infinitive, captivated - the sacrament, without giving - the participle. You can replace the sacrament with an adjective, and the participle with an adverb: Green grass grew densely, and there were few opportunities for cultivated plants to grow. The sentence retained its main meaning, but additional actions were lost that reflected the participle and participle turnover. The exercises in the table below will help you learn how to find verb forms and distinguish them from each other.
Verb Form Exercises
| The task | Task text |
| Write the three participles from the text. | There was a thunderstorm, accompanied by terrifying thunder and fiery lightning. Misha, as his grandfather taught, hid under a bush located in a lowland. Suddenly there was a strong rumble of thunder, and then a sound resembling the hiss of a snake. This lightning hit a tree ten steps from the forester's house. |
| Write out all the participles from the text | Without taking his eyes off, Yasha looked at the dawn. For some reason, at this time of day he always wanted to, standing in the attic and looking into the distance, reflect on the eternal. Either he wondered why the birds fly so beautifully, he was worried about the origin of the Sun, he thought about distant lands, dreaming of traveling. |
Communion as a stand-alone definition
Communion is the construction of the participle with the dependent word. So, the sentence: The blooming garden was beautiful - without communion, and the sentence: The blooming garden in the country was beautiful - has communion, since the sacrament has a dependent word: blooming (where?) In the country.
The construction of participles can be different, but this syntactic unit necessarily represents participles with dependent words.
Communion requires isolation, if it is after the main word: Mushrooms, typed by the whole family, now lay on a bench under a pine tree; if it depends on a personal pronoun: Dreaming of a trip to Congo, he applied for a visa - or has an additional concessive or causal meaning: Tired of noisy visitors, Lena barely got home.
Mistakes in the use of participles
Using the participial phrase in speech, mistakes can be made both punctuation and grammar. Punctuation errors are encountered with incorrect definition of the boundaries of the syntactic unit, with inattentive reading of the sentence with the participle and in the absence of theoretical knowledge about the conditions for its isolation.
Grammatical errors in the use of participles are primarily associated with the inappropriate use of participles in the sentence and with incorrect coordination of the participle with the main word. For example: The Northern Basketball Club arrived in his hometown, who successfully played in the championship. (Correct option: The Northern Basketball Club, which played successfully in the championship, came to his hometown ).
Clerical turnover as a separate circumstance
The participle with dependent words is called the participle turnover. The participle and the participle turnover are always isolated. Their allocation by commas does not depend on the location relative to the main word. For example: They arrived without warning. Galya, seeing a beautiful bouquet in his hands, immediately calmed down. Listening, Kolya made notes. Only those participles that are part of the phraseological turnovers do not require isolation: After the sleeves, he worked all season. The child listened with bated breath - or went into dialects: Tolya read slowly. He was angry without joking.
Sacramental and participial circulation: exercises
The table below shows a number of tasks for finding isolated members expressed in participle or participle turnover.
| The task | Task text |
| From the text write out a separate participle turnover | Masha, sorting through the postcards presented to her, remembered her first holiday. It was her seventh birthday. Mom baked buns and pies so that Masha would treat her classmates. She was happy to organize a tea party for all the guys who met her at the school doorstep with a huge basket of fruit. |
| Among the sentences, find one in which there is a participle turnover. | - The cat, which scared away the chickens, hid under a nest.
- The fisherman who caught the perch was returning to shore.
- Anna, my neighbor from below, worked in a sanatorium.
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| Write the participle and the participle turnover from the text. | Jumping from a tall tree, Pasha ran to the pond. Here he met his friends. Having bathed, they began to tell each other stories that had happened to them over the year. |
The participial and participial turnover (the exercises from the table confirm this) introduce the value of an additional action into the sentences. They, being separate members, only accompany the main process concluded in the predicate.
Sacramental and participial sentences: examples from the literature
Sacred and participial sentences are often found in works of art. “The ocean that was walking outside the walls was terrible,” “Malyi was silent for a while and, having knocked down a large gadfly adhering to the horse, he answered gloomily” (I. A. Bunin). "From morning till morning it was raining incessantly ... the rain, turning clay roads and paths into continuous dense mud ..." (A. I. Kuprin). "Covered with hoarfrost, they went into the dim, illuminated distance ..." (V. G. Korolenko).