Nizami Ganjavi is a famous Persian poet who worked during the Eastern Middle Ages. It is he who needs to be given credit for all the changes that have come into the Persian culture of speech. In memory of this, you can find an old coin in 1 ruble of 1999 "Nizami Ganjavi." It is equivalent to 200 modern rubles.
Biography of Nizami Ganjavi
The poet was born around 1141, presumably on August 17. Some historians claim that the poet's birthday was from August 17 to 22. The biography of Nizami Ganjavi begins in the city of Ganja.
Despite all the achievements in the field of literature, very little is known about the life of the poet and writer. The name of Nizami Ganjavi to this day has been surrounded by many secrets and mysteries. Many biographers brought something of their own to the poet's biography, which made it even more saturated.
Nizami Ganjavi is the pseudonym of the poet. His real name sounds like Abu Muhammad Ilyas.
Family of literary figure
The family of the poet Nizami Ganjavi for many years was engaged in a simple craft - embroidery. This played an important role in choosing the pseudonym of the poet.
The poet's father was an official, but this information is only a guess of historians and biographers. Nizami's mother was a nee Iranian, daughter of the great Kurdish leader.
Ganjavi's parents died early, which influenced the personality of the poet. Nizami was raised by his maternal uncle.
Ganjavi Education
Speaking about the time when Nizami Ganjavi lived, we can say that the poet had an excellent education. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to consider all poets knowledgeable in many fields of science. Despite these customs, Nizami was well versed in many disciplines. Poems by Nizami Ganjavi prove that the poet was well versed in the literature of Arabia and Persia, had a developed written and oral culture of speech. In addition, it is important to note that he was educated in the exact sciences. In the poems of Nizami Ganjavi it is traced that the great literary figure had knowledge in the fields of astrology, mathematics, astronomy, botany, medicine and alchemy.
Speaking about the achievements of Nizami, it is important to note that the poet was also versed in religious monuments. He knew all the interpretations of the Qur'an, had excellent knowledge of Islamic law, and possessed certain knowledge of Christianity and Judaism.
In addition, Ganjavi was well aware of Iranian legends and myths, versed in history, ethics, esotericism, philosophy, as well as in the musical and visual arts of his time.
Philosophical direction in creativity
For many centuries, Nizami has been called a sage. This is due to the fact that in his poems the poet touched on very important problems that could not help but make readers think. Studying the work of Ganjavi, we can say that he was by no means a philosopher. The poet’s thoughts cannot be attributed to those great sayings that belong, for example, to Ibn Arabi or Suhrawardi. Historians still hold the view that Nizami was partly a philosopher, but it is important to note, also a Gnostic. It was he who managed to combine all those traditions that were introduced into the eastern culture by earlier sages.
Creativity of the poet Nizami
Very little can be said about the poet's work. The lower classes needed freedom of thought, this was necessary for him in order not to lose honesty in his creations. They traced sincerity, some alienation.
Many of Ganjavi's works are devoted to political relations between various dynasties and tribes, which were both rivals of the Iselgit and compatriots.
The poet’s archive also contains those works that differ from the works of the Middle Ages in their dramatic nature. Nizami's romantic poems are built very difficult in terms of narrative psychology. Ganjavi reveals the complexity of the human soul, its depth and wealth, when the inner world is filled with love and gratitude.
The life of a Persian poet
It is known that Nizami was married three times. The first chosen one of the poet was a slave, who was very loved by Nizami. Ganjavi devoted many of his works to his first love. Favorite poet called a reasonable and beautiful woman. In 1174, a couple appeared with a son. The boy received the name Muhammad. However, just a few years later, Nizami's wife died. The same fate befell the next two spouses of the poet.
An interesting fact is that the death of each of the wives was accompanied by the end of a new Nizami poem. After the death of his third wife, he indignantly uttered a phrase consisting of a question to the Almighty about why, for each of his poems, he should pay with the loss of his companion.
Ganjavi lived in that period of time, which was marked as a stage of political instability and the intensity of intellectual activity. You can find a reflection of this in his poems and poems.
It is difficult to say anything about the attitude of patrons to the work of Nizami, because it is practically impossible to determine the exact time of writing many of the poet's literary works. But with confidence we can say that Ganjavi was respected and received many honors in life. There is a legend that the poet was invited to the court, but refused the invitation. The head of the state where the courtyard was located considered Nizami a holy man and gave him enormous wealth, which included fourteen villages transferred to the poet's possession.
The death of the great poet
The exact date of death of the poet cannot be determined, as well as the date of his birth. Biographers who lived in that era indicate different dates that diverge over a very large period of time - thirty-seven years.
Today, one thing is certain: the poet died in the 13th century. The main date of death is considered to be 1208, which is based on an inscription published by Bertels from the poet’s hometown.
However, there is an assumption that Nizami died in 1201. The basis of this conjecture lay the lines of the second book of Iskander, which were included there by the son of Nizami. The chapter that contains this fact tells about the death of such great people as Aristotle, Plato and Socrates. Ganjavi left a rich literary heritage.