What is the sacrament? This is a form of the verb (some philologists believe that it is an independent part of speech), which denotes a sign of an object by its action. Examples: written, singing, drawn, coloring, whipped.
If the participle has a word depending on it, then the construction will be called the participle turnover. Examples: written by a student, singing a song, drawn by an incomprehensible force, painting with a brush, whipped with a whisk.
The participial turns usually in sentences act as definitions: isolated, non- isolated , circumstantial.
The participle turnover always acts as a single, integral member of a sentence, and, therefore, defines one, main word. Depending on the place in the sentence in relation to the defined word, it is highlighted or not highlighted by commas. It is highlighted if it stands after the defined word.
Examples:
- The sun, rapidly falling over the horizon, painted the sky in a strange pink color.
- The sun sliding over the horizon painted the sky in a strange pinkish color.
The participle is the form of the verb (or, in the opinion of other verbalists, an independent part of speech), indicating an additional action. They never change. Examples: painting, humming, enthralling, whipping.
The participle, denoting the additional action of the predicate, like it, denotes the action of the subject (only additional).
Example: A boy walking, bouncing and singing. See: the boy walked, bounced and hummed.
Remember: participle means the additional action of the predicate. It cannot be associated with other words in a sentence. This is a gross speech mistake. You can’t say "approaching the platform, my hat flew off!" After all, it turns out that the hat drove up and flew off! Unfortunately, today many journalists and translators forget about this rule. There are pearls of the type "leaving the room, I was trembling."
In order to check whether the participle is used correctly, just change it to a verb. If a sentence does not lose its meaning, it is applied correctly.
Examples: sat yawning from boredom - sat and yawned from boredom. He sang, rolling his eyes with zeal - he sang and rolled his eyes with zeal.
The participle turnover is the participle with the word, which depends on it. Examples: painting a fence, dragging along, quietly humming, whipping into foam.
The participle turnover, unlike the participle one, in a sentence is always a circumstance. Example: A boy walked quickly along the street, glancing around.
He, like the participle, is a single member of the sentence, refers to one word. Example: He ran (how?), Bouncing from an overabundance of feelings.
Usually the participial turnover, regardless of the location in the sentence, is separated by commas, and therefore it is considered a separate circumstance.
Examples: He walked quickly forward, afraid of being late. Fearing to be late, he walked quickly forward. Without realizing it, he was tugging at a lock of hair.
Sometimes adverbial turnover can be part of a stable phrase (phraseological unit). In this case, it will not be highlighted with commas.
Example: Children listened to an unfamiliar song with bated breath.
The participial and participial turnover is most often used in book speech.