Financial educational program: credit operations of commercial banks

With the transition of Russia to the market system, enormous changes have occurred in the banking sector.

If earlier financing was budgetary and carried out by the state, then with the advent of enterprises, the form of ownership of which can be both private and public, new financial resources were needed. This triggered an increase in the number of commercial financial institutions.

One of the main business items is the lending operations of commercial banks. They serve as a source of profit. All income is divided into two parts: one of them goes to reserve funds, the other to dividends to those who have shares of this institution.

Credit operations of commercial banks is a system of relations between a creditor (represented by a financial institution) and a borrower (in other words, a debtor). The basis of this operation is the provision by the bank of a certain amount of financial resources to both a legal entity and an individual. In this case, the following conditions must be maintained:

1. Paid. The required amount (credit) is by no means issued free of charge. The borrower is required to pay a certain percentage to the bank.
   
   Therefore, repaying a loan, you will repay a much larger amount than the one received from a financial institution.
2. Urgency. All credit operations of commercial banks have their own terms. If they are violated, penalties will be applied to you .
3. Returnability. No one gives gifts now. Therefore, you will have to return the funds received on time after a set period of time.

Types of credit operations of commercial banks

All credit operations of commercial banks have their own classifications. The main one is the division of activities depending on the subject of lending:

• it can be active operations - such a system of actions in which the bank acts as a lender. It is realized most often in the form of loans and loans;
• passive operations is a system of attracting money from customers or other banks. In this case, the financial organization will already be a borrower. The bank accepts funds under the same conditions of repayment (you will receive your funds back), urgency (the time you opened the deposit) and payment.
  
  That is, with this approach, not you, but the bank will pay you interest.

According to the form of implementation, all credit manipulations are divided into:

• loans
• deposits.

There are two more varieties of financial relations with the bank. Lending may be:

• Direct. You can talk about this form when the client initially enters into an agreement with the bank on the provision of a certain amount.
• Indirect. Recently, a commercial type of lending has been widespread when enterprises are represented by entities. Such relations are drawn up in the form of a bill of exchange. If there are any misunderstandings, the lender has the full right to transfer the loan to the bank.

Accounting for credit operations of a commercial bank is carried out using special accounts. They are:

• 1st order - all information on persons to whom the loan was issued is recorded;
• 2nd order - all information on loan terms is recorded.

Such a system of fixing and control allows you to conduct competent financial activities, identify defaulters and apply penalties. Based on these accounts, the credit history of the borrower is also built.