The current account is a place of storage in non-cash form of free cash in ruble equivalent. It is opened to a legal entity, in some cases to an individual entrepreneur in a credit institution and is used for settlements with various counterparties. For operations in foreign currency units, there are foreign currency accounts. And for individuals the above type does not open. Instead, there are current or personal accounts for them.
In the organization’s accounting, each current account has a separate analytical reflection in the framework of account number 51 (“Current accounts”). Here, cash flow operations are taken into account, for example, in settlements with personnel, taxes, suppliers, etc. (for debit). On the loan, on the contrary, the arrival of ruble payments for various reasons (for delivered products, etc.) is displayed.
A bank account is opened using a whole set of documents, among which for Russian organizations it should be noted:
- statement;
- A copy of the document confirming registration with the tax authorities;
- certificate of registration from funds (extra-budgetary);
- a card with specimen signatures of those who can manage the money in the account and the organization’s seal stamp ;
- copies of constituent documents, including the charter, memorandum of association, certificate of registration, certified by a notary.
The credit institution considers the submitted documents and, if they meet the requirements, draws up a settlement and cash services agreement, which indicates the current account, which has (at the moment) twenty digits. The company that opened it must report this event to the tax authorities within ten days. Information on account closure is provided at the same time. In a number of banks, interest on the balance in the current account of the company (mid-quarter, average or minimum) may be accrued on the basis of a special agreement to the contract.
Accounts are opened free of charge, but in the future, fees may be charged for maintaining, for payments using the remote access system, for receiving / withdrawing cash, for issuing a checkbook, for certifying certain documents, etc. Tariffs may vary not only in different banks, but even in individual branches, if they are in different cities.
The bank account of the organization as an organization differs from the same account of the company in the order of opening and coding: it starts at 303 or 301, but, like the payment details of the organization, contains 20 digits (in accordance with current legislation). If the first digits of the bank account are 301, then it represents the so-called “correspondent” account of a particular credit institution with a higher financial authority - the Central Bank - and its structures in a particular city, region, district, etc.
In order not to confuse the settlement account of the company and the bank, you need to remember that this attribute for the company starts with the number “4”.