🌑 🤦🏾 👨🏽‍🤝‍👨🏼 The Passive Communion of the Present: Examples 🚺 👩🏼‍🎤 🛣️

Communion is the ability to convey both an action and its attribute. Often it is used in order to “facilitate” the proposal and transfer it from a complex structure to a more concise version of it. For instance:

A fairy tale is a literary source that helps a child develop a fantasy.

From verbs, both passive participles of the present and past are formed, as well as real ones.

Definition of the sacrament

In Russian, participle is a special form of the verb denoting the attribute of an object by action. Communions possess two morphological properties at once:

They have characteristics characteristic of verbs.
They have signs of adjectives.

Like verbs, participles have:

type - perfect (answer the question “what did” - the boy who read the book) and imperfect (“what does”, “did” - the boy reading the book);
recurrence (end with a suffix, - for example, perfumed) and irrevocability (playing);
forms of the past (got a job - got a job) and the present tense (plays - playing);
can come from transitive and intransitive verbs and be real and passive.

As adjectives, participles have:

gender (child painting - masculine, painting girl - feminine, painting device - middle gender);
number (a person thinking about food, a painted portrait is the only one; people thinking about food, painted people are the plural) ;
case;
full form, and passive also short form (for example, invented by the author - invented by the author).

It is easy to remember that the passive participles of the present and past are produced only from verbs of a transitive form.

Transitive verbs

Such verbs denote action with the passage to the subject and are always related to the noun or pronoun in blame. case without pretext:

seller weighs (what?) cheese (weighted by seller (what?) cheese);
the boy meets (whom?) mom (met by the son of (whom) mom).

There is an exception to this rule, for example, when denied, a noun or pronoun can stand in the birth. case without an excuse (didn’t eat soup at dinner (what?) - soup, half-eaten at dinner). The same exception applies if the action indicates a part of the subject (cut (what?) Bread - cut (what?) Bread was not enough).

Passion Communion Production

Sacraments indicating a sign of the subject in relation to which the action is performed are suffering. For instance:

The fish (what?) Caught by the fishermen turned out to be crucians.
Ring (what?), Transmitted from generation to generation through the female line.
The knowledge (what?) Gained in practice becomes experience.
A kitten (what?), Picked up on the street, grew into a big impudent cat.

As can be seen from the examples, passive participles answer the same questions as adjectives.

The passive participles of the present come from the foundations of the imperfect form in the present. For instance:

see - visible;
to love is beloved;
speak - spoken;
hear is audible.

Passive participles in the past tense are derived from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb:

wash - erased;
to see - seen;
to do - done.

The passive participles of the present (examples above) are not perfect.

Suffixes in the present tense

The suffix for creating passive participles is directly related to the conjugation of the verb. Suffixes of the passive participles of the present tense - 1 conjugation - em - ohm, and 2 - to them.

observe - observed (1 conjugation);
sell - sold (1 reference);
put on - put on (1 sp.);
store - stored (2 reference);
salt - salted (2 sp.);
to drive - persecuted (2 sp.).

There are exceptions in which the present participle is created from intransitive verbs that have nouns or pronouns near them in the instrumental case. For instance:

lead (with what?) team - a team led by a boss;
manage (by whom?) yourself - a person controlled by himself.

A number of verbs do not create such participles in the present tense at all. Examples of such verbs: beat, sew, revenge, write, and others. If you are given the task of “form the passive participles of the present tense,” then you just need to remember these exceptions.

The only verb that forms two kinds of passive participle in the present tense is to move - a person driven by an idea; an object driven by the power of thought. In this case, suffixes of present-day passive participles inherent in both conjugations are applied.

Past Tense Suffixes

Past participles are derived from an imperfect and perfect form of verbs :

two - nn - in passive participles is used when the verb ends with -at, -yat, -et: read - read, make - done;
The suffix –en is put to the basis of verbs ending in –and or –it: bring - brought, commit - perfect;
the suffix -t is set when forming from verbs ending in –it, –ot, –earth, for example, to close –– closed, to grind –– ground, to lock –– locked.

The suffix - t is also used to create passive participles from monosyllabic verbs, for example, wash - washed, beat - beaten and others.

Some verbs, for example, to take, to seek, to fall in love with, do not create passive participles, but from verbs ending in -st, in the past tense they are formed either from the present or from the future tense:

bring home - brought home;
gain faith - gained faith;
steal a watch - a stolen watch.

In these examples, verbs in the future tense, and participles in the past.

Participles

Passive participles come in 2 forms in the past and present tense - complete and short. Moreover, in a short form, they are inclined by numbers, and in the only case, by gender, as can be seen from the sentence below:

Passionate participles of the present: city burned to the ground (male gender, singular) - the city burned to the ground; cities burned to the ground (plural) - cities burned to the ground;
short forms in the past tense: a book read quickly - the book was read quickly;

The full forms have suffixes with two –n: –nn, –nen, while one –n –– in short passive participles. For example, an improved version - an improved version, concealed thoughts - thoughts are concealed. Not all participles of this kind have a short form, for example, slave, readable, spoken and others.

As members of a sentence, brief as well as full passive participles can be a definition, but most often these are predicates:

the paths (what did you do?) were covered with golden foliage (predicate);
daughter fell asleep (what?), a song of lullaby (definition);
We inspire with music, (which one?) I started dancing (definition).

In the form of predicates, short participles use the auxiliary verb or can be independent, for example: the store is open - the store was open.

Communion Declination

Since passive participles have similar adjective properties, they can be inflected by cases (in singular), numbers and genera. Full passive participles are inclined, as are similar forms of adjectives, that is, by cases, childbirth and numbers. Brief participles can be inclined only by numbers and genera.

And - the interviewee (person), the interviewee (woman), the interviewee (population), the interviewees (children);
P - the interviewee (person), the interviewee (women), the interviewee (population), the interviewees (children);
D - to the interviewee (person), the interviewee (woman), the interviewee (population), the interviewee (children);
B - the interviewee (person), the interviewee (women), the interviewee (population), the interviewees (children);
T - to the interviewee (person), the interviewee (woman), the interviewee (population), the interviewees (children);
P - (about) the interviewee (person), the interviewee (woman), the interviewee (population), the interviewees (children).

In brief form, one can distinguish gender and number according to the participle noun or pronoun: the person is interviewed, the woman is interviewed, the population is interviewed, the children are interviewed.

Transition of Passive Sacraments to Adjectives

In sentences, the passive participles of the present (examples below) can often play the role of adjectives, while they lose the category of time and acquire the value of a permanent attribute of the subject. For example, a loaded boat, a baked pie.

It is unusual for these forms to have explanatory words with them, and the passive participles themselves are written with one - n. If there are additional words, then the suffix puts two - nn, for example:

wounded beast - a beast wounded with a knife;
loaded boat - a boat loaded with fish;
baked pie - oven-baked pie.

Passive participles with a prefix always have two - n in the suffix. For example, thawed, reinforced, chosen, red-hot and others.

In the suffix –ovan, two –n are always written, even when the sacrament passed into an adjective –– an organized picnic, a qualified specialist.

Particle “Not” in Passive Communions

In participles with an explanatory noun or pronoun, the particle “not” is always written separately. For instance:

an uncleared path led to the garage - a path not cleared of snow led to the garage;
unfinished tea remained on the table - unfinished tea by mother remained on the table.

With brief passive participles, the “not” particle is written separately: the case is not finished, the task is not solved, the path is not completed.

Communion punctuation marks

Sacraments with dependent words form turns, which in sentences are separated by commas. The word that defines the sacrament is called definable. If the sacrament is before this word, then the comma is not put: the path laid out by paving stones led to the park. The exception is the turnover related to the pronoun: awakened by voices, she quickly got up.

The communion after the word being defined is marked with a comma: a car drove through, splattered with mud. If the participle with the dependent words is in the middle of the sentence, then it is distinguished by punctuation marks on both sides: the machine, splattered with mud, passed by.

The Passive Communion of the Present: Examples