Many years ago, lifting equipment was one of the main achievements of technology. But today, when advanced technologies and modern materials are actively being introduced, it is gradually becoming more and more traditional. Currently, there are a large number of companies that supply both various lifting equipment and a wide range of construction and industrial equipment.
Lifting equipment: terminology
The term "lift" today means a special technique that is able to function continuously or periodically. Such equipment as hoisting cranes, elevators, etc., has the main purpose - this is the movement of various goods by a load-bearing device moving along a high-strength vertical rail or along rail tracks.
Lifting equipment today is presented in several varieties. The most common and most commonly used in almost all industrial areas are freight elevators. In them, the device for moving the load is attached to a steel rope enveloping the winch wound on a drum or a traction sheave. Cranes operate primarily on electric drives, as well as hydraulic.
Jib cranes
In the construction industry, cantilever lifts are the most popular and in demand, which was made possible by the simplicity of their design and low cost. They are made in the form of mast racks without fences, relative to which platforms are placed in a cantilever manner.
The safe operation of hoisting cranes largely depends on the right type. It is worth noting that the console-type equipment is divided into:
- Column crane. It is a stationary column, along which the lifting of goods occurs, is widely used in engineering.
- Wall-mounted console crane. It differs from the first option in that it consists of a wall truss along which the trolley moves. The installation method is stationary. The main advantage is the ability to work in small rooms. As a rule, this type of crane is installed in order to reduce the load on the bridge lifts.
Electric mine overhead crane
There are also mine cranes, which, unlike cantilever cranes, have a special device for protecting people, in which hoisting cabs or platforms move along the guide. This technique is mainly used in the mining industry. Overhead cranes are designed for lowering / lifting large items. Thanks to a certain method of cargo delivery, this type of equipment can significantly reduce costs, especially in comparison with an inclined shaft and a motor vehicle. Compliance with safety rules when working with such cranes allows you to minimize the risk. The main advantage of this type of equipment is the fast and relatively safe transportation of heavy loads.
Gantry Cranes
This equipment moves along special tracks, the number of which can vary from 1 to 3. The width of the knees is 6 m, 10.5 m, 15.3 m. The length of the boom can reach up to 100 meters. This type of cranes is widely used in the shipbuilding sector, while in both sea and river ports. Also, this equipment is used in floating docks and shipyards. Their specialization is quite narrow, it is used only for work in open areas.
Gantry cranes are divided into subspecies:
- mounting (KPM) - load capacity up to 300 tons;
- reloading (PPC) - designed for a weight of 5 to 40 tons;
- dock (Efficiency) - is used to work with goods whose weight does not exceed 30 tons
The equipment design is a portal with a rotary boom, which moves along crane tracks. For lifting goods, special hooks and grabs are used.
Crane operation
Before starting work on cranes, it is necessary to study the safety rules. All enterprises provide training. Some points may vary depending on the type of equipment, however, the general essence of this documentation is the following points:
- work with electrical equipment;
- study and the principle of operation of the main components of the crane (trolley, gallery, etc.);
- management method;
- braking coefficient, etc.
Features of choice
In the process of choosing a freight elevator for construction, a number of important factors must be taken into account. This is a method of fastening, carrying capacity and many others. Additionally, various lifting devices and accessories are also used. In addition, you should take into account the frequency of lifting of goods and calculate the approximate number of on and off of the crane. Using the data obtained, it is possible to choose a lift taking into account the weight of the transported cargo. It is important to know the operating rules of hoisting cranes and the features of their design. This will protect and greatly facilitate the process of moving heavy objects.