The declension of the participles is their grammatical change in gender, number and case. Some forms of this part of speech can be inflected in the same model as adjectives. To understand this, we will briefly consider what the sacrament is.
Morphological centaur
Communion as a morphological unit in linguistics still has not found a final definition. Some linguists call it an independent part of speech, others - a special form of the verb. This situation is explained by the fact that the participle has both the characteristics of a verb and an adjective. From the latter, it inherited the ability to decline. Communions, like adjectives, indicate a sign of an object, but only by its effect. Two questions can be asked to him: "which?" and "what is he doing? / having done?"
This part of the speech can be compared with the legendary centaur: she has a “head” (root) from a verb that defines the lexical meaning of a word, and “legs” (endings) from an adjective. That is why the declension of adjectives and participles obeys the same laws.
Grammar features
The signs of the verb (form, tense, recurrence, pledge) in the participle do not affect its ability to bow. But the features of the adjective (number, gender, case in full and brevity in passive participles) allow this part of speech to change, like an adjective, and be consistent with nouns.
In the present and past tenses, participles are formed in two pledges:
1. Valid - they call a sign of an object that acts itself: "an automatic machine selling / selling Pepsi-Cola."
2. Suffering - they call the sign of the object to which the action is directed: "Pepsi-Cola", sold / sold by the machine. "
The real participles always have a declension, since they are complete, but the words of the passive voice can also have a short form, in which they do not change (as well as short adjectives).
From transitive verbs of imperfect form, 4 forms of participle are formed. Take the word draw for example. From him we get the participles:
1. The present tense: the painter (child).
2. The real past tense: painter (child).
3. The suffering of the present: drawn (portrait).
4. Passing past tense: hand-drawn, painted (portrait).
Case Travel
All forms can be declined in cases, with the exception of a brief in the past tense of the passive participle.
- Nominative case: (child) painter, painter, (portrait) painter, painter.
- Genitive: (child) drawer, drawer, (portrait) drawable, drawable.
- Dative case: (child) drawer, drawer, (portrait) drawable, drawable.
- Accusative case: (child) painter, painter, (portrait) painter, painter.
- Tutorial case: (child), draw, draw, (portrait) draw, draw.
- Prepositional case: (about the child), painter, painter, (about the portrait) painter, painter.
Three genera, two numbers
Also, according to the rule, the declension of participles can be carried out by birth, this applies to all its forms:
- writing (person), writing (typewriter), writing (device);
- missing (document), missing (bookmark), missing (statement);
- readable (novel), readable (novel), readable (message);
- sewn (suit), sewn (shirt), sewn (dress);
- (house) built, (scene) built, (proposal) built.
The declension of participles by numbers is also possible in all its forms:
- laughing man (singular), laughing people (plural);
- playing musician (singular), playing athletes (plural);
- organized holiday (unit hours), organized competitions (plural hours).
- fulfilled debt (unit hours), fulfilled obligations (plural hours).
Siblings
In grade 7, the declension of participles is studied in conjunction with available information about the adjective. Let’s try to decline the participle in the cases in the same construction as this part of speech.
For example, let's take the form of the real voice of the present: "a knowledgeable, experienced scientist." The word "experienced" is derived from a noun and is an adjective. The token “knowing” is formed from the verb, this is a participle. The masculine gender and the singular are already given by the noun "scientist", with which the adjective and the participle are consistent.
I.P. - knowledgeable, experienced scientist;
R.P. - knowledgeable, experienced scientist;
D.P. - knowledgeable, experienced scientist;
V.P. - knowledgeable, experienced scientist;
T.P. - knowledgeable, experienced scientists;
P.P. - About a knowledgeable, experienced scientist.
As you can see, the endings of the participles and adjectives in the cases coincide, which once again proves the morphological similarity of these parts of speech. In declension, they are like "siblings."
Returns change in the same way
Actual participles can, like verbs, have recurrence. This does not affect their declension, since they change in the same way as it can be without the return postfix "-sya". Example:
I.P. - frightening, frightening, frightening, frightened;
R.P. - frightening, frightening, frightening frightened;
D.P. - frightening, frightening, frightening, frightened;
V.P. - frightening, frightening, frightening, frightened;
T.P. - frightening, frightening, frightening, frightened;
P.P. - about frightening, about frightening, about frightening, about frightened.
conclusions
Communion in full form, like an adjective, can be inflected. It also varies by gender and number. The case endings of the participles coincide with the endings of adjectives.