There are such concepts, without which it is simply impossible to learn to move forward in the study of a particular language, both native and foreign.
Independent and service parts of speech - this is just one of these basic topics. Therefore, I would like to dwell on this issue in great detail, talking about the types, functions and roles in the proposal of all parts of speech.
1. Types of parts of speech and their characteristic features.
The independent and service parts of speech are special lexical and grammatical categories. All words at a theoretical level can be attributed to a certain category, taking into account the following symptoms:
- Semantic (general meaning of the word);
- Morphological (grammatical categories or categories);
- Syntactic (features of functioning).
The independent parts of speech have similar characteristic features:
- Give a name to the objects (e.g. house, river, girl), describe (e.g. beautiful, noisy), characterize (e.g. fun, long)
- They are the main ones in building phrases (for example, a cute girl) and sentences (for example, I draw a house)
- Act as full members of the proposal. For example, I read an interesting book slowly. (“I” - subject, “read” - predicate, “interesting” - definition, “book” - addition, “slow” - circumstance)
The service parts of speech have the following features:
- Combine the words in a sentence or the sentences themselves;
- You cannot ask questions to them;
- Used only together with independent parts of speech;
- Members of the proposal are not
2. Independent parts of speech
The independent parts of speech are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, pronouns, participles, participles.
Now let us dwell in more detail on each of the above.
Noun
Characteristics:
- Denotes: objects and animated creatures;
- Questions: who? what?
- Categories: gender, case, number;
- Role in proposal: subject, complement
Adjective
Characteristics:
- Denotes: feature or description of an item
- Questions: which?
- Categories: case, number, gender;
- Role in the proposal: definition, compound names. predicate
Numeral
Characteristics:
- Designates: number of items;
- Questions: how much?
- Discharges: ordinal, quantitative, fractional, collective
- Role in a sentence: quantifier for a noun
Pronoun
Characteristics:
- Denotes: signs and objects without naming them;
- Categories: personal, indefinite, refundable, definite, possessive, indicative, interrogative, relative, negative.
- Role in the proposal: various members of the proposal
Verb
Characteristics:
- Indicates: action
- Questions: what to do?
- Categories: view, time, mood, pledge, person;
- Role in the sentence: the predicate
Linguists disagree about the sacrament and participle. Some people prefer to consider them just verb forms. But I will allow myself to agree with the majority and talk about the sacrament and the sacrament as independent parts of speech.
Participle.
Characteristics:
- Denotes: action, representing it through a sign
- Questions: what is doing? which one?
- Categories: signs of the verb and adjective;
- Role in the sentence: definition, in short form - the nominal part of the predicate.
Communion
Characteristics:
- Denotes: sign, denoted by the sign of another action
- Questions: what are you doing? as?
- Categories: adverb verb signs.
- Role in the proposal: circumstance
Adverb
Characteristics:
- Denotes: sign of sign and sign of action;
- Questions: how? when? what for? why? where to?
- Role in the proposal: circumstance
3. Service parts of speech
The service parts of speech are conjunctions, interjections, particles, prepositions.
Prepositions help express different relationships in a sentence, along with indirect cases of nouns, adjectives or pronouns.
For example, above, below, near, through, nearby
Unions express grammatical relationships between individual members of a sentence.
For example, and because, but
Particles give speech additional emotional and semantic shades.
For example, if, after all, even
Interjections express feelings, desires of a person without calling them directly.
For example, Hooray! Wow! Hey!
So, it seems to me that I have fully disclosed the topic: "Independent and service parts of the speech of the Russian language."
And in the end I would like to add the following. There is a fairly common point of view that significant parts of speech play a more important role than official ones. It's a delusion! Both the first and the second have a place to be, and only together can they make our speech melodic, informative and expressive.
I would like everyone who wants to study the grammar of the Russian (and any other) language to perfection, without the slightest shadow of doubt, to be able to separate independent and service parts of speech from each other.
I hope that with my article I have achieved this result.