The noun as part of speech is an independent part. In a broad sense, all nouns call objects and answer two questions: who? what?. Occupying their place in the proposal, they most often act as a subject, as well as additions or circumstances. The noun in the Russian language has six categories, each of which shares all the words of this part of speech according to a specific attribute.
Category 1. Case of a noun
The first category of nouns is based on the contrast of cases. Case forms help determine how a noun, as part of speech, refers to other words denoting objects, actions, or signs. The Russian language has six cases, each of which answers its own questions. To facilitate the awareness of the semantic load of the noun, auxiliary words are used.
Questions for the nominative case - who? what?
for the genitive - no one? why?
for the dative - give to whom? to what?
for the accuser - blame whom? what?
for the creative - to be proud of whom? by whom?
for prepositional - talk about whom? about what?
Category 2. Gender of nouns
Each noun as part of speech can be attributed to one of three genders - female, masculine or middle. A noun refers to the feminine gender if the words "she is mine" are appropriate to it. Accordingly, to the words of the masculine gender - "he is mine", and for the average - "it is mine."
Category 3. Number of nouns
All nouns in the Russian language, except for exception words, can be put in two forms - in the plural or in the singular. These forms can be distinguished by endings, depending on which the meaning of the words changes.
Category 4. Nouns and Declination
The noun as part of speech changes its form according to cases and numbers. Depending on the characteristics of the change, all the words in this part of the speech are divided into three declination groups. The first declension includes the names of objects of masculine and feminine gender, the endings of which in the nominative case end with the letters -a, -i. In the second declension are masculine words without endings, as well as neuter nouns. And finally, the third group of declination includes feminine objects, at the end of which is a soft sign. In addition to these basic forms, there are also exception words - these are divergent and non-declining nouns.
Category 5. Nouns
All words of this part of speech are classified into two categories - common and proper. The first group includes homogeneous names, processes, or states, and proper nouns include the names of single, unique objects. Proper words are names, surnames, names, etc.
Category 6. Animation or inanimate nouns
Each noun as part of speech refers to a group of animate or inanimate names. The first of them answer the question - who ?, and the second answer the question - what?