Schoolchildren easily remember that it is NOT written separately with the participles, as well as with the verb from which this part of the speech originated:
- Not learning how to distinguish parts of speech, students get confused in the application of spelling rules. Therefore, it is impossible to become a truly literate person without knowing the basics of morphology.
An exception to this rule is cases when the word without this particle is no longer used:
- Kirillov, hating a strange city in which he was not dear to anyone, was constantly silent. The inhabitants of the house, disliking the gloomy neighbor, shunned him. Only one perspicacious Anna Sergeyevna, indignant at the stupidity of the townsfolk, discerned a good, but very unhappy person in the arrival.
It should also be remembered that the prefix NEDO- is an indicator of continuous writing:
- Father, lacking sleep , worked daily on his scientific project. But he made a real discovery, simply overlooking the children who accidentally spilled reagents on the table.
The cunning of the seemingly light spelling “NOT spelling with gerunds” consists in the presence of homonymous forms. Words that have the same sound in Russian have different lexical meanings.
For example, the participles "undernourished" and "not eaten up" are written differently.
Compare:
- Maria, always without eating (not eating until the end) her breakfast, is the first to go to work.
- During the war, people lived undernourished (ate little, ate badly) for months.
Focusing on a categorically separate spelling NOT with the participles, many forget about derivative prepositions and adverbs.
The participles that are indistinguishable by hearing from each other and the parts of speech formed from them are the biggest problem for schoolchildren studying the topic “NOT with the participles”.
Examples of difficult spelling cases:
- Not looking (participle) in the eyes of his mother, Andrei spoke about his secret.
- Despite (excitement) his excitement, he spoke with dignity.
- Without delay (gereparticipation) not a minute, we went to Moscow.
- Leave the room immediately (adverb)!
In order to prevent a mistake, you need to know the
grammatical features of these parts of speech and correctly ask a question to the word of interest. If we have before us the sacrament, then we can ask questions (“what are you doing?” And “what are you doing?”).
In addition, this part of speech can easily be turned into the verb from which it was formed. However, the meaning of the proposal will not change.
Derived prepositions have no independent meaning. Their role is reduced to expressing the syntactic dependence of the nominal parts of speech on other words. The preposition, therefore, remains both in the question and in the answer:
- Despite the (what?) Difficulties, we adequately coped with the task.
An adverb most often refers to a verb, as it indicates a sign of action.
By the way, you should pay attention to the word "reluctantly." This adverb, which has lost touch with its ancestor that disappeared from the language - the participle "although", is always written together:
- Staying up late, the guests (how?) Reluctantly began to disperse.
Fortunately, there are not so many words in which one can make a mistake by confusing them with the participles in modern Russian . Having memorized several homonymous pairs of words, students quickly learn the spelling “NOT with the participles”.