The agro-industrial complex in our country occupies a special place, since it includes several spheres of human activity at once: agriculture itself in the form of crop production, animal husbandry and poultry farming; industries and services that provide agriculture with means for production, as well as material resources; industries involved in the processing of agricultural raw materials (this includes food and light industry); infrastructure elements that serve the agricultural sector.
A bit of history
Such human activities as poultry farming originated when people began to domesticate animals and birds. Geese were the first of the winged creatures to be domesticated. After the process of domestication, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks and turkeys were subjected.
In the XX century, when poultry farming begins to reach a large industrial level, gradually gaining momentum, poultry farmers begin to breed quails, which served as the first step to introduce innovations in the poultry industry. Poultry farming in Russia begins to develop rapidly in the 20th century.
Three thousand years ago, India became one of the first territories where culinary art originated. Then it came to Egypt and Ancient Rome, where it reached great perfection. Even before our era, breeding domestic ducks and geese are beginning to be engaged in Europe and Asia, and turkeys are domesticated in America. Turkey came to Europe only in the 17th century.
Where in Russia?
It is characteristic of our country that birds are engaged in breeding throughout the vast Russian territory. This is one of the reasons why poultry farming is considered a promising area of development along with animal husbandry. We turn to the specifics of poultry farming in Russia. Really a lot of areas. Our country has one key advantage when it comes to breeding birds. Poultry farming on the territory of the Russian Federation is possible in almost any region, all this due to climatic conditions in which poultry farms exist. They have the opportunity to create a microclimate in which birds can exist regardless of external factors. One of the additional conditions for placing poultry farms is the presence of a number of large industrial centers in order to reduce transport costs.
Modern industrial production
The state of poultry farming in Russia is as follows: more than six hundred and forty industrial organizations work throughout our country; about four hundred and twenty-five factories that receive eggs; approximately one hundred and thirty broiler-breeding factories; about fifty companies set up breeding for their activities; Nine farms are engaged in breeding ducks, geese - twelve, turkeys - five and three - quails. In total, these enterprises produce fifty-five billion eggs and almost two million tons of poultry meat per year.
Production decline
The nineties of the last century were marked by a significant growth in the poultry industry, when in one year about thirty five billion eggs and one thousand seven hundred tons of poultry meat were obtained. But by the beginning of 2000, the number of bird stocks decreased by almost 2 times. The industry noted a decline in production, a significantly reduced efficiency of poultry farming. These problems are partly due to a decrease in the percentage of state financing of the poultry industry, low solvency of the Russian population, high prices for poultry feed and depreciation of industrial equipment in the absence of the possibility of replacement. A consequence of the crisis in poultry farming in Russia was the fact that the production of technological equipment for this sphere had practically ceased.
Regions that could
In 2005, thanks to the Vologda, Kostroma, Belgorod, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Udmurt and Altai regions, it was possible to stop the protracted industry decline in poultry farming. The location areas in Russia of this industry were largely identified precisely during the Renaissance. Also, factories located in the Leningrad, Smolensk, Sakhov districts begin their work almost from scratch. They gave a significant increase in the production of meat and eggs. The Irkutsk and Smolensk regions were among the first to switch to extruded feed, which helped to reduce the feed conversion ratio with an increase in egg production by almost ten percent.
Krasnoyarsk Territory and Kursk Region showed a tendency to increase meat production by almost eight percent. Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Smolensky, Ryazan and other areas almost stopped producing meat and began to specialize in egg production. Breeding geese and ducks begins to engage in the Kurgan region. Bashkortostan specializes in breeding turkeys - white and black. Today, Bashkir poultry farms grow five different breeds of these birds, which give a large share in the total industry output for the year.
Breeding guinea fowls is engaged in the Moscow region. It is also planned to organize the breeding of this species of poultry in the Orenburg, Bashkir and Volgograd regions. Quail grow the Moscow region and the Stavropol Territory. Rostov region is known for breeding turkey. If we talk further about poultry farming in Russia, it should be noted that incubation stations were opened in the Chelyabinsk and Tomsk regions. The plans include the supply of almost sixty million chickens a year to poultry complexes.
Features of poultry farming in Russia
Poultry farming in our country has its own distinctive features, they distinguish Russia from other states. The current situation in the Russian poultry industry is characterized by the promotion of three innovative areas: biological, technological and organizational. Innovation is a very fashionable word, but one way or another, everything that is being done in this area is connected with them.
Modern biology and its help
The development of poultry farming in Russia is inextricably linked with the development of modern biology. She deals with issues of genetics and selection of birds. Its purpose is to improve the basic economic characteristics, such as productivity, rapid growth and feed conversion. More recently, new breeds of birds were delivered to Russia from abroad. Now we are engaged in the breeding of new breeds on our own, which can significantly enrich the bird gene pool. The study of biological processes contributes not only to the breeding of new species of birds, but also to the creation of the latest types of feed that are most suitable for livestock and each individual species.
Modern technologies as a pillar of production
The innovation of the technological field is connected with the fact that the methods and conditions in which birds are kept are being improved. With innovative development, it is possible to create a system of uninterrupted production of poultry products. Progress in technology is determined by mechanized and automated improvements in production. The development of technology helps to reduce industrial costs, as well as increase labor productivity.
Organizational management innovation
The current state of poultry farming in Russia is largely due to the development of the organizational component of the industry. New management systems introduced in production contribute to the improvement of managerial processes and reduce costs of almost all types. Optimization of the control structure leads to a decrease in the frequency of information distortion and a decrease in the number of barriers to its path.
The position of modern poultry farming in Russia in recent years has seen a significant improvement. A constant increase in livestock and an increase in output lead to an annual strengthening of the industry. The development of innovations in the poultry industry makes the sphere competitive in relation to other countries. Poultry farming in the modern era is both a science and the latest technologies.
The most relevant and emerging trends in this industry are the introduction of resource-saving technologies, the development and modernization of the most advanced processing of eggs and poultry meat, aimed at improving indicators related to product quality. In addition, there is a tendency to create products that are more useful in their properties, for example, contain less fat and cholesterol, have more vitamins and minerals in their composition.