Prepositions in Russian are an auxiliary part of speech. As a rule, they face nouns and clarify the meaning of what has been said. It is very important to be able to distinguish prepositions from adverbs and nouns, since such errors are very common in a single state exam.
Prepositions in Russian: classification
Prepositions have their own complex classification, which is simply necessary to know. So, the classification is not even one. The simplest is the division by origin: the prepositions of the Russian language are derivative (in continuation, according to, thanks) and non-derivative (because, on, in). Derived prepositions are very often confused with nouns. Also, do not forget that at the end of the prepositions the letter –E- is written: within an hour, BUT during the river, during the month, BUT in the continuation of the story. This part of the prepositions is very complex and, as a rule, causes the greatest difficulties for students. All the prepositions in the Russian language can be divided by one more attribute: meaning. It is worth noting that this auxiliary part of speech helps to see the dependence of words in a sentence or phrase. So, prepositions in Russian can be spatial, that is, indicate a place (for example, under a tree, near a road, around a table, under a chair). Also, prepositions are temporary, that is, they indicate a time period (for example, after half an hour, during the last month, until the evening, do it in a year, by five o’clock).
The next classification item is causal prepositions, which, therefore, determine or indicate the cause (for example, due to events, due to illness, due to rain, trembling from the wind). The fourth division can be called prepositions indicating the goal, that is, the target. They traditionally include prepositions for the sake of, for, for (for example, for the sake of a brother, for the Motherland, for the good of the Fatherland, to stop for a rest). The penultimate paragraph can be called the prepositions of the mode of action, they, like adverbs of the same type, indicate and denote the image and a kind of emotional color of the action: for example, to work with joy, speak without errors. And the last point in the classification is additional prepositions. They are indicators of the subject to which any action is directed. For example, forget about the promise, talk about the holiday, pass an exam in geography. It is worth noting that one and the same pretext can appear in different meanings, since everything depends on the context of the events. Do not forget that prepositions are not
members of a sentence, but are included in their composition. For example, the phrase “before dinner” in the sentence “Before dinner I read a book” would be a circumstance (noun + preposition).
Prepositions in the Russian language play a very important role. They express dependence, determine the time, show the goal and indicate the causes of the events. It is very important for every person to know the classification of prepositions and the rules for writing them, as gross errors can distort the meaning of a whole phrase.