The word "service" is interpreted in various meanings. By this term is understood a certain social activity of people, a person’s place of work, a special attitude to business, and so on. V. Dahl associated this word with such values as usefulness, readiness for action, etc. Today, under the service, as a rule, they mean relations of fidelity, duty, loyalty, and the ability to protect one's interests.
Definition
The State Civil Service of the Russian Federation is a professional activity of a certain category of persons. Places of their work are authorities at different levels. Military service and law enforcement are not considered civilian civil service . Financing of the work of authorized persons of the authorities is carried out from the budgets, depending on the level. For structures operating in the subjects, these are regional revenues, for state institutions - federal.
Normative base
The activities in question are regulated by:
- Law "On the Civil Service System". This act was adopted on May 27, 2003. It defines the basic concepts, establishes the principles for the implementation of professional activities of employees. This normative act also distinguishes activities from other authorities.
- Federal Law "On State Civil Service". It was adopted on July 27, 2004. This normative act regulates in detail the issues of professional activity of employees. The document formulates restrictions and prohibitions, the procedure in accordance with which employment is carried out. Issues that are not covered by the Federal Law "On State Civil Service" are regulated by the provisions of the Labor Code.
In addition, there are other regulations governing this area. In particular, they include presidential decrees, government decrees, orders of regional authorities.
Specificity
The federal (state) civil service reflects the functions, tasks and main features of the country's structure. It is designed to ensure their practical implementation. The word "state" in the definition, therefore, indicates that the employee in his activities acts on behalf of and on behalf of the authorities. This work involves constant, competent and continuous support for the implementation of the powers delegated to employees. The Law "On State Civil Service" establishes certain requirements for persons entering the staff of power structures. Subjects should have certain knowledge, skills that are acquired in the course of special training.
Tasks
State civil service is necessary for:
- Ensuring the constitutional system of the country.
- Development of strategies for political, social, economic development.
- The selection of personnel capable of realizing the tasks that society poses to the authorities.
- Creation of organizational structures.
- Protection of interests, freedoms and rights of the population, the formation of conditions for the development of personality.
The functions carried out by the state civil service are relatively separate and independent main types of professional activities in the exercise of power.
Principles
The Law "On State Civil Service" establishes special provisions on which all activities of authorized structures and persons are based. All principles have a close relationship with each other. They reflect the content, form and essence of civilian civil service. The consolidation of the basic provisions acts as the most important ideological and theoretical basis. It combines all types of activities under consideration into a comprehensive legally sound system. The principles on which the state civil service is based reinforce the requirements put forward by society and other management entities.
Supremacy of the constitution
This is a key principle on the basis of which all the activities of government bodies are built. The state civil service, as mentioned above, is regulated by various regulations. However, the main role among them belongs to the Constitution. Only based on its provisions, the subjects of the country should and can have their own legislation on civilian civil service. If conflicts arise, the Constitution and other normative acts adopted at the highest level will prevail.
Principle of federalism
This provision ensures the unity of the whole system, as well as the observance of the separation of powers and objects of jurisdiction between the supreme and regional authorities. The Federal Service falls within the competence of the Russian Federation, and the subject service refers to issues resolved in the framework of joint activities of the Russian Federation and its subjects. Within the framework of differentiation, the scope of authority of the supreme authority should be sufficient to form a single legal institution. The implementation of the principle of federalism requires holistic regulatory regulation.
Priority Rights
The Constitution of the Russian Federation proclaimed a person the highest value. The duty of the state is to protect its civil and personal interests and rights. This, in turn, is the duty of the authorities. Recognition, observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are elevated to the rank of fundamental principles of public service. It is important that authorized persons acting on behalf of the authorities, not only in words but also in deeds, ensure the implementation of this task.
Equal access to activities
The principle of equality, as well as the priority of human and civil rights, is also constitutional. It means that individuals have equal access to professional activity regardless of:
- nationality;
- gender
- race
- property status;
- religion;
- places of residence and so on.
Public Civil Service Positions
The posts that may be held by persons involved in the activity in question are divided into several categories:
- Leaders. Appointment to these posts may be for a fixed term or indefinitely.
- Advisers (assistants). Such posts are established to assist alternate persons, managers and their deputies.
- Specialists. They ensure that government agencies fulfill their tasks and functions. Persons are appointed to such posts without establishing a term of office.
- Providing specialists. These posts are also established without restrictions on terms of office. Such specialists provide financial, economic, informational, organizational, documentary, business and other support for the professional activities of government officials.
The indicated categories are established by the Federal Law "On the Civil Service System in the Russian Federation".