An important and rather complicated topic for almost any language is the change of verbs in persons, numbers and tenses, that is, conjugation. Salir, the Spanish verb used quite often in speech, is deviating: some of its forms differ from the standard paradigm. Such changes are connected with the fact that the Spanish language, being one of the descendants of Latin, developed in conditions of interaction with the local Celtiber dialects, the language of the Visigoths and Arabic.
Spanish verb system
For beginners to learn Spanish from scratch, you must immediately remember that, unlike Russian, Spanish verbs are not opposed by type. Completeness or incompleteness of an action is marked by a system of tenses: for example, all completed actions are expressed using complex forms (Compuesto), which are formed using the verb haber and the passive participle of the past tense of the semantic verb. Ongoing action is introduced using simple forms when the verb takes on certain personal endings.
Indicative
Verbs in this mood convey actions that are perceived as a real process in the past, present or future tenses. This mood is the most commonly used in Spanish. The salir conjugation at all times of this inclination is as follows:
Presente | Pretérito imperfecto | Préterito compuesto | Pretrito idefinido | Pluscuamperfecto | Futuro simple | Futuro compuesto |
salgo | salía | he | salido | salí | había | salido | saldré | habré | salido |
sales | salías | has | saliste | habías | saldrás | habrás |
sale | salía | ha | salió | había | saldrá | habrá |
salimos | salíamos | hemos | salimos | habíamos | saldremos | habremos |
salís | salíais | habéis | salisteis | habíais | saldréis | habréis |
salen | salían | han | salieron | habían | saldrán | habrán |
Subjunctive mood
The use of verbs in this mood is possible in the case when the speaker reports on presumptive or desired actions. Therefore, most often such forms are found in the subordinate part of a complex sentence. In simple sentences, the subjunctive is used when the speaker wants to express a wish or regret.
Presente | Pretérito imperfecto | Pretérito Compuesto | Pluscuamperfecto |
Form on -ra | Form at -se |
salga | saliera | saliese | haya | salido | hubiera | salido |
salgas | salieras | salieses | hayas | hubieras |
salga | saliera | saliese | haya | hubiera |
salgamos | saliéramos | saliésemos | hayamos | hubiéramos |
salgáis | salierais | salieseis | hayáis | hubierais |
salgan | salieran | saliesen | hayan | hubieran |
Conditional mood
Verbs in this form express the action likely in all tenses. All conjugations are shown in the table.
Simple | Compuesto |
saldría | habría | salido |
saldrías | habrías |
saldría | habría |
saldríamos | habríamos |
saldríais | habríais |
saldrían | habrían |
Imperative mood
In Spanish, there are two forms of this mood: affirmative (Afirmativo) to induce action or order and prohibitive (Negativo) to express prohibition. The imperative mood appears in four forms: for formal treatment in the singular and plural and informal. In the second case, the corresponding Presente subjunctive forms are used.
Afirmativo | Negativo |
sale | no salgas |
salga | no salga |
salid | no salgáis |
salgan | no salgan |